Dataset Information

Osteoporotic fracture trends in a population of US managed care enrollees from 2007 to 2017.

ABSTRACT: This study expands on previous findings that hip fracture rates may no longer be declining. We found that age- and sex-adjusted fracture rates in the US plateaued or increased through mid-2017 in a population of commercially insured and Medicare Advantage health plan enrollees, in contrast to a decline from 2007 to 2013. INTRODUCTION:The purpose of this study was to evaluate fracture trends in US commercial and Medicare Advantage health plan members aged ??50 years between 2007 and 2017. METHODS:Retrospective analysis of the Optum Research Database from January 1, 2007, to May 31, 2017. RESULTS:Of 1,841,263 patients identified with an index fracture, 930,690 were case-qualifying and included in this analysis. The overall age- and sex-adjusted fracture rate decreased from 14.67/1000 person-years (py) in 2007 to 11.79/1000 py in 2013, followed by a plateau for the next 3 years and then an increase to 12.50/1000 py in mid-2017. In females aged ??65 years, fracture rates declined from 27.49/1000 py in 2007 to 22.08/1000 py in 2013, then increased to 24.92/1000 py in mid-2017. Likewise, fracture rates in males aged ??65 years declined from 2007 (12.00/1000 py) to 2013 (10.72/1000 py), then increased to 12.04/1000 py in mid-2017. The age- and sex-adjusted fracture rates for most fracture sites declined from 2007 to 2013 by 3.7% per year (P?=?0.310). CONCLUSIONS:Following a consistent decline in fracture rate from 2007 to 2013, trends from 2014 to 2017 indicate fracture rates are no longer declining and, for some fracture types, rates are rising.

SUBMITTER: Lewiecki EM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7280339 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Osteoporotic fracture trends in a population of US managed care enrollees from 2007 to 2017.

Lewiecki E M EM Chastek B B Sundquist K K Williams S A SA Weiss R J RJ Wang Y Y Fitzpatrick L A LA Curtis J R JR

Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA 20200215 7

This study expands on previous findings that hip fracture rates may no longer be declining. We found that age- and sex-adjusted fracture rates in the US plateaued or increased through mid-2017 in a population of commercially insured and Medicare Advantage health plan enrollees, in contrast to a decline from 2007 to 2013.<h4>Introduction</h4>The purpose of this study was to evaluate fracture trends in US commercial and Medicare Advantage health plan members aged ≥ 50 years between 2007 and 2017.< ...[more]

PMID: 32062687

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Project description:UnlabelledPharmacologic therapy is recommended to reduce future fracture risk. We examined osteoporosis medications dispensed to older women after first fracture. Only 23 % received therapy during the first year post-fracture. Prior osteoporosis therapy, a prior osteoporosis diagnosis, and older age were good predictors of post-fracture osteoporosis therapy.IntroductionPharmacologic therapy is recommended after osteoporotic fracture to reduce future fracture risk. The objective of this retrospective study was to examine osteoporosis therapy dispensed to women post-fracture.MethodsWe identified women ≥50 years old in a large administrative claims database from 2003 to mid-2012 who were continuously enrolled 2 years before (baseline) and 1 year after first osteoporotic fracture. Exclusions were Paget's disease or malignant neoplasm. Pre- and post-fracture osteoporosis therapies (oral and parenteral) were assessed overall and by fracture site.ResultsA total of 47,171 women of mean (SD) age of 63 (10) years were eligible; fractures included 8 % hip, 17 % vertebral, 73 % non-hip/non-vertebral, and 3 % multiple fracture sites. Only 18 % received osteoporosis therapy within 90 days and 23 % within 1 year post-fracture. Overall, 19 % of women had a prior osteoporosis diagnosis; 20 % had received osteoporosis therapy during baseline. Of 37,649 (80 %) women without baseline therapy, only 9 % initiated pharmacologic therapy within 1 year. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of therapy within 1 year post-fracture was significantly greater for women who had received baseline osteoporosis therapy (versus none) and who had vertebral (OR 12.7, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 11.2-14.5), hip (15.2, 12.5-18.7), or non-hip/non-vertebral fracture (34.4, 31.7-37.3). Other significant predictors included pre-fracture osteoporosis diagnosis (1.6, 1.4-1.7) and older age (OR range, 1.3-1.7). Treatment adherence was significantly better among women with baseline osteoporosis diagnosis.ConclusionsThe substantial post-fracture treatment gap represents an important unmet need for women with osteoporotic fractures. Fracture liaison or adherence programs could lead to improved post-fracture treatment rates.

Project description:BackgroundIt is known that mortality after hip fracture increases compared to the general population; the trend in mortality is a controversial issue. The objective of this study is to examine incidence, trends, and factors associated with mortality in patients with osteoporotic hip fractures.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study that uses the Registry for Hospital Discharges of the National Health System of our hospital. Patients older than 45 having an osteoporotic hip fracture between 1999 and 2015 were identified. Demographic data and comorbidities were obtained. A survival analysis was performed (Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier). Incidence rate, standardized death rate (SDR), trend (Poisson regression), and risk (hazard ratio) were calculated.ResultsDuring 1999-2015, in our hospital, there were a total of 3992 patients admitted due to osteoporotic hip fracture. Out of these 3992 patients, 3109 patients (77.9%) were women with an average age of 84.47 years (SD 8.45) and 803 (22.1%) were men with an average age of 81.64 years (SD 10.08). The cumulative incidence of mortality was 69.38%. The cumulative mortality rate for 12 months was 33%. The annual mortality was 144.9/1000 patients/year. The 1-year mortality rate increased significantly by 2% per year (IRR 1.020, CI95% 1.008-1.033). The median overall survival was 886 days (CI95% 836-951). The probability of mortality density for a period of 10 years following a hip fracture was 16% for women and 25% for men (first 90 days). The SDR was 8.3 (CI95% 7.98-8.59). Variables that showed statistically significant association with mortality were aged over 75, masculine, institutionalization, mild to severe liver disease, chronic kidney disease, COPD, dementia, heart failure, diabetes, the Charlson Index > 2 , presence of vision disorders and hearing impairment, incontinence, and Downton scale.ConclusionsFor the last 17 years, an increase of mortality for patients with hip fracture and a higher mortality rate in men than in women were observed. Institutionalization combined with comorbidities is associated with a higher mortality.

Project description:ImportanceMedicaid recipients have consistently reported less timely access to specialists than patients with other types of coverage. By 2018, state Medicaid agencies will be required by the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) to enact time and distance standards for managed care organizations to ensure an adequate supply of specialist physicians for enrollees; however, there have been no published studies of whether these policies have significant effects on access to specialty care.ObjectiveTo compare ratings of access to specialists for adult Medicaid and commercial enrollees before and after the implementation of specialty access standards.Design, setting, and participantsWe used Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems survey data to conduct a quasiexperimental difference-in-differences (DID) analysis of 20 163 nonelderly adult Medicaid managed care (MMC) enrollees and 54 465 commercially insured enrollees in 5 states adopting access standards, and 37 290 MMC enrollees in 5 matched states that previously adopted access standards.Main outcomes and measuresReported access to specialty care in the previous 6 months.ResultsSeven thousand six hundred ninety-eight (69%) Medicaid enrollees and 28 423 (75%) commercial enrollees reported that it was always or usually easy to get an appointment with a specialist before the policy implementation (or at baseline) compared with 11 889 (67%) of Medicaid enrollees in states that had previously implemented access standards. Overall, there was no significant improvement in timely access to specialty services for MMC enrollees in the period following implementation of standard(s) (adjusted difference-in-differences, -1.2 percentage points; 95% CI, -2.7 to 0.1), nor was there any impact of access standards on insurance-based disparities in access (0.6 percentage points; 95% CI, -4.3 to 5.4). There was heterogeneity across states, with 1 state that implemented both time and distance standards demonstrating significant improvements in access and reductions in disparities.Conclusions and relevanceSpecialty access standards did not lead to widespread improvements in access to specialist physicians. Meaningful improvements in access to specialty care for Medicaid recipients may require additional interventions.

Project description:ImportanceThe current state of the US pathologist workforce is uncertain, with deficits forecast over the next 2 decades.ObjectiveTo examine the trends in the US pathology workforce from 2007 to 2017.Design, setting, and participantsA cross-sectional study was conducted comparing the number of US and Canadian physicians from 2007 to 2017 with a focus on pathologists, radiologists, and anesthesiologists. For the United States, the number of physicians was examined at the state population level with a focus on pathologists. New cancer diagnoses per pathologist were compared between the United States and Canada. These data from the American Association of Medical Colleges Center for Workforce Studies' Physician Specialty Data Books and the Canadian Medical Association Masterfile were analyzed from January 4, 2019, through March 26, 2019.Main outcomes and measuresNumbers of pathologists were compared with overall physician numbers as well as numbers of radiologists and anesthesiologists in the United States and Canada.ResultsBetween 2007 and 2017, the number of active pathologists in the United States decreased from 15 568 to 12 839 (-17.53%). In contrast, Canadian data showed an increase from 1467 to 1767 pathologists during the same period (+20.45%). When adjusted for each country's population, the number of pathologists per 100 000 population showed a decline from 5.16 to 3.94 in the United States and an increase from 4.46 to 4.81 in Canada. As a percentage of total US physicians, pathologists have decreased from 2.03% in 2007 to 1.43% in 2017. The distribution of US pathologists varied widely by state; per 100 000 population, Idaho had the fewest (1.37) and the District of Columbia had the most (15.71). When adjusted by new cancer cases per year, the diagnostic workload per US pathologist has risen by 41.73%; during the same period, the Canadian diagnostic workload increased by 7.06%.Conclusions and relevanceThe US pathologist workforce decreased in both absolute and population-adjusted numbers from 2007 to 2017. The current trends suggest a shortage of US pathologists.

Dataset Information

Osteoporotic fracture trends in a population of US managed care enrollees from 2007 to 2017.

Publications

Osteoporotic fracture trends in a population of US managed care enrollees from 2007 to 2017.

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