Cigarette Smoking Is Associated with Increased Risk of Malignant Gliomas: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Ahn S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7280985 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BACKGROUND:Former studies on smoking as a risk factor for Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) have mainly been carried out in women's cohorts and studies with various definitions of MPNs. Herein, we conducted a cohort study with register-based follow-up of a general population from Denmark, to validate and substantiate prior observations. METHODS:In the Danish Health Examination Survey cohort, we used the Cox proportional-hazards model adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and level of education, to calculate hazard ratios (HRs), to investigate, whether daily smokers or occasional/ex-smokers had an increased risk of MPNs compared to never-smokers. RESULTS:From the time of data collection (September 2007 to October 2008) until 1 January 2015, 70 individuals were diagnosed with MPNs among 75 896 study participants. Similar results were observed in both the age and sex adjusted analysis and the multivariable analysis. The multivariable HR of any MPN diagnosis for daily smokers was 2.5 (95% CI: 1.3-5.0). For essential thrombocytosis, polycythemia vera, myelofibrosis, and MPN-unclassified, the HRs were 1.8 (95% CI: 0.5-5.8), 1.7 (95% CI: 0.5-5.8), 4.3 (95% CI: 0.9-19), and 6.2 (95% CI: 1.5-25), respectively. Among occasional/ex-smokers the corresponding HRs were 1.9 (95% CI: 1.1-3.3), 1.5 (95% CI: 0.6-3.7), 0.8 (95% CI: 0.3-2.4), 0.9 (95% CI: 0.2-4.4), and 6.2 (95% CI: 1.8-21). Participants, who smoked >15 g/day, had an overall HR of 3.4 (95% CI: 1.4-8.2) for any MPN diagnosis, while participants who smoked ?15 g/day, had an overall HR of 2.1 (95% CI: 0.9-4.7). CONCLUSION:Smoking was associated with MPN development when comparing smokers and never-smokers. Further studies investigating smoking in MPNs are warranted to substantiate our findings.
| S-EPMC6246929 | biostudies-other
Project description:Carbon monoxide poisoning (COP) may cause injuries to the central nervous and endocrine systems, which might increase the risk of developing hypothyroidism. We wanted to evaluate the association between COP and the risk of developing hypothyroidism because epidemiological data on this potential association are limited. We conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study using the Nationwide Poisoning Database and identified 24,328 COP subjects diagnosed between 1999 and 2012. By matching the index date and age, we selected 72,984 non-COP subjects for comparison. Subjects with thyroid diseases and malignancy before 1999 were excluded. We followed up the two groups of subjects until 2013 and compared the risk of developing hypothyroidism. COP subjects had a significantly higher risk for hypothyroidism than non-COP subjects (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR]: 3.8; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.2-4.7) after adjusting for age, sex, underlying comorbidities, and monthly income, and the AHR was particular higher in subjects with diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and mental disorder. The increased risk was highest in the first month after COP (AHR: 41.0; 95% CI: 5.4-310.6), and the impact remained significant even after 4 years. In conclusion, COP was associated with an increased risk for hypothyroidism. Further studies regarding the underlying mechanisms are warranted.
| S-EPMC6848088 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The aim of this large population-based cohort study was to determine whether pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) is associated with the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI).A total of 31,815 patients aged 20 years or older diagnosed with PLA for the first time during hospitalization between 2000 and 2011 were included in a PLA cohort, and 127,620 age- and sex-matched patients without PLA were included in a non-PLA cohort. The incidence and the risk of the first attack of AKI at the end of 2011 were measured. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to analyze the risk of AKI.In mean follow-up periods of 4.36 and 4.94 years for the PLA and non-PLA cohorts, respectively, the overall incidence of AKI was 1.51-fold greater in the PLA cohort than in the non-PLA cohort (9.25 vs 6.11 events per 1000 person-years; 95% confidence intervals [CIs]?=?1.42-1.61). After we controlled for potential confounding factors, the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of AKI was 1.36 (95% CIs?=?1.27-1.46) for the PLA cohort compared with the non-PLA cohort. Moreover, among patients without comorbidities, the risk of AKI remained higher in the PLA cohort compared with the non-PLA cohort (aHR: 1.91, 95% CIs?=?1.59-2.29).This study suggests that PLA associates with an increased risk of AKI. Clinicians should be aware of the potential risk of AKI after diagnosis of PLA.
| S-EPMC4998258 | biostudies-other
Project description:BackgroundCigarette smoking is a threat to global human health and a leading cause of the cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Importantly, sex-specific differences in smoking-induced arterial stiffness, an early key event in the development of atherosclerotic CVD, remain still elusive. Thus, this study sought out to investigate sex-specific associations between smoking and measures of arterial stiffness.Methods and resultsOverall, 15,010 participants (7584 men and 7426 women aged 35-74 years) of the Gutenberg Health Study were examined at baseline during 2007-2012. Smoking status, pack-years of smoking, and years since quitting smoking were assessed by a standardized computer-assisted interview. Arterial stiffness and wave reflection were determined by stiffness index (SI) and augmentation index (AI). In the total sample, 45.8% had never smoked, 34.7% were former smokers, and 19.4% were current smokers. Median cumulative smoking exposure was 22.0 pack-years in current male smokers and 16.0 in current female smokers. In general, multivariable linear regression models adjusted for a comprehensive set of confounders revealed that smoking status, pack-years of smoking, and years since quitting smoking were dose-dependently associated with markers of arterial stiffness. In sex-specific analyses, these associations were overall more pronounced in men and SI was stronger related to the male sex, whereas differences between men and women in the case of AI appeared to be less substantial.DiscussionThe present results indicate that chronic smoking is strongly and dose-dependently associated with increased arterial stiffness in a large population-based cohort regardless of sex but with a stronger association in men.
| S-EPMC9898409 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Tooth loss is closely associated with suboptimal oral care. Suboptimal oral care can facilitate local infections. These can lead to systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, which are important pathological mechanisms of hypertension. The aim of this study was to investigate the link between tooth loss and the risk of hypertension. From the national health insurance system-health screening cohort in Korea, 19,680 participants who underwent three or more health examinations, including blood pressure measurements, between January 2003 and December 2008, without any history or diagnosis of hypertension were included in this study. Hypertension was defined as the diagnosis of hypertension (International Classification of Diseases-10 code "I10-11") accompanied by the prescription of an antihypertensive agent or at least one health examination result of blood pressure of ≥140/90 mmHg. Kaplan-Meier survival curves with the log-rank test were used to evaluate the relationship between oral hygiene indicators and the incidence of hypertension. Cox proportional hazard models were applied to determine the association between oral hygiene indicators and the development of hypertension. During a median follow-up of 7.4 years, 1,853 patients developed hypertension. The estimated incidence of hypertension within seven years was 8.8%. Multivariable analysis confirmed a significant relationship between the number of lost teeth and hypertension (hazard ratio: 2.26; 95% confidence interval [1.24-4.10], p = 0.007, p for trend = 0.005). There was a positive association between the number of lost teeth and the risk of hypertension in a longitudinal research. In conclusion, the number of lost teeth may be associated with the risk of development of hypertension.
| S-EPMC8205122 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveThis study investigated whether women with a history of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection have an increased risk of infertility.Material and methodsAll patients with an HPV infection (n = 11,198) in Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database (2000-2012) were propensity score matched with control subjects (n = 11,198) without an HPV infection by age, sex, index year, and relevant co-morbidities. Both groups were tracked until a diagnosis of infertility was recorded. The Chi-square test was used to analyze the distribution of demographic characteristics in the HPV group and non-HPV group. A Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) for the development of infertility, adjusting for age, sex, and co-morbidities. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot the cumulative incidence curves. We also performed negative controls to test for possible unmeasured confounding.ResultsThe HPV cohort had a higher risk of infertility. The adjusted HR (aHR) was found to be 1.39 (95% CI = 1.19-1.63) after adjusting for demographic characteristics and relevant co-morbidities. In the age subgroup analysis, patients with an HPV infection had an increased risk of infertility compared to the non-HPV cohort in the group aged 26 to 35 years (aHR, 1.53; 95% CI = 1.24-1.88). As we used propensity score matching to treat measurable confounders and negative controls to access unmeasured confounders, the findings of the study are robust.ConclusionsAmong females of reproductive age, HPV infection is a potential risk factor that predisposes individuals to subsequent infertility.
| S-EPMC7558487 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Vitamin D may have anticancer effects against colorectal cancer (CRC). Bone mineral density (BMD) reflects the long-term vitamin D status. This study investigated the association between osteoporosis and colorectal neoplasms (CRN). The data were obtained from the National Health Insurance Service sample cohort, which included 60,386 osteoporosis patients and 8224 controls who underwent BMD in 2002-2019. The logistic regression models included age, sex, income level, and comorbidity. Sensitivity tests were performed using the data from the National Health Screening Program. In total, 7706 (11.2%) patients were diagnosed with CRN, and the proportion was significantly higher in osteoporosis patients than in controls (11.7% vs. 8.1%). In the multivariate analysis, osteoporosis was associated with an increased risk of CRN (odds ratio (OR) = 1.91, 95% confidence interval = 1.75-2.09, p < 0.0001), which was significant for both colorectal adenomas and CRC (OR = 1.88 and 1.83, respectively). A subgroup analysis by sex revealed a significant association between osteoporosis and CRN in both women and men (OR = 2.06 and 1.66, respectively). The sensitivity tests revealed results similar to those of the original dataset. In conclusion, osteoporosis is significantly associated with CRN risk in both sexes. In high-risk patients with low BMD, appropriate screening for CRN and vitamin D supplementation are required, regardless of sex.
| S-EPMC10968966 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundWe evaluated the association between smoking status and thyroid cancer risk and whether this association is mediated by body mass index (BMI) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).MethodsWe performed a cohort study of 96,855 Korean adults who were followed annually or biennially for a median of 5.9 years.ResultsDuring 511,052.9 person-years of follow-up, 1,250 participants developed thyroid cancer. In men, we observed a dose-dependent inverse association between current smoking, pack-years, and thyroid cancer. After adjustment for confounders, adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for thyroid cancer comparing current and former smokers to never smokers were 0.58 (0.45-0.75) and 0.93 (0.73-1.18), respectively. After further adjustment for BMI and TSH as potential mediators, this association was slightly attenuated, but remained significant. For women, current smokers tended to have a lower risk of thyroid cancer, but this association did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionsIn this cohort study, current smoking was associated with a decreased risk of incident thyroid cancer in men but not in women and this association was observed even after adjusting for TSH and BMI levels as potential mediators. Further mechanistic studies are needed to elucidate the possible effect of smoking on the pathogenesis of thyroid cancer development.
| S-EPMC6162293 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Tinnitus mostly results from central and peripheral auditory pathology. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major risk factor for cerebrovascular disease. However, no studies have evaluated the association between tinnitus and CKD. The aim of this study is to investigate the risk of tinnitus in patients with CKD. This retrospective cohort study was conducted using Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database from 2000 to 2010. We established a CKD group (n = 185,430) and a non-CKD comparison group (n = 556,290) to investigate the incidence of tinnitus. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to evaluate the effects of CKD on tinnitus risk. The results showed CKD significantly increased the risk of tinnitus (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.02; 95% CI, 2.655-3.456, P<0.001). A subgroup analysis revealed the increase in risk of tinnitus is more in CKD patients with heart failure (adjusted hazard ratio, 9.975; 95% CI, 5.001-18.752) and diabetes mellitus (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.712; 95% CI, 2.856-5.007). Furthermore, compared to non-CKD patients, the risk of tinnitus was increased 4.586-fold (95% CI, 2.399-6.7) in CKD patients with dialysis and 2.461-fold (95% CI, 1.033-3.454) in CKD patients without dialysis. This study is the first to report that CKD is associated with an increased risk of tinnitus. Among CKD cohort, patients with dialysis are at a higher risk of tinnitus than those without dialysis.
| S-EPMC5557597 | biostudies-other
Project description:BackgroundSevere asthma exacerbation reduces patients' quality of life, results in visits to the emergency department (ED) and hospitalization, and incurs additional medical costs. Antipsychotics block receptors with bronchodilation function; however, the association between antipsychotic use and severe asthma exacerbation is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of antipsychotics on asthma-related ED visits and hospitalizations.MethodsA case-crossover design was used in this study. Using the 2003-2017 Taiwan National Health Insurance Reimbursement Database, we established a cohort of 18,657 adults with asthma exacerbation leading to ED visits or hospitalization. Univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regressions were conducted to explore the association between antipsychotic use and severe asthma exacerbation. Subgroup analyses of different classes, doses, receptor functions of antipsychotics, different psychiatric disease, and sensitivity analyses of excluding patients with schizophrenia were also performed.ResultsAntipsychotic use was associated with a higher risk of severe asthma exacerbation (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-1.54; P = 0.013) compared with no use of antipsychotics. The use of typical antipsychotics increased the risk of severe asthma exacerbation (adjusted OR: 1.40, 95% CI 1.10-1.79, P = 0.007), whereas the use of atypical antipsychotics did not. These results did not change after the exclusion of patients with schizophrenia. There was a dose-dependent effect of antipsychotics (trend test, P = 0.025). Antipsychotics that block the M2 muscarinic or D2 dopaminergic receptors were associated with an increased risk of severe asthma exacerbation (adjusted OR: 1.39, 95% CI 1.10-1.76, P = 0.007 and adjusted OR: 1.33, 95% CI 1.08-1.63, P = 0.008, respectively). However, use of antipsychotics did not increase risk of severe asthma exacerbation in patients with psychiatric disorder.ConclusionsThe use of typical antipsychotics is associated with a dose-dependent increased risk of severe asthma exacerbation, especially for patients without psychiatric disorders. Further research on the impact of typical antipsychotics on asthma exacerbation is warranted.
| S-EPMC8919619 | biostudies-literature