Dataset Information

Foliar Glycine Betaine or Hydrogen Peroxide Sprays Ameliorate Waterlogging Stress in Cape Gooseberry.

ABSTRACT: Exogenous glycine betaine (GB) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) application has not been explored to mitigate waterlogging stress in Andean fruit trees. The objective of this study was to evaluate foliar GB or H2O2 application on the physiological behavior of Cape gooseberry plants under waterlogging. Two separate experiments were carried out. In the first trial, the treatment groups were: (1) plants without waterlogging and with no foliar applications, (2) plants with waterlogging and without foliar applications, and (3) waterlogged plants with 25, 50, or 100 mM of H2O2 or GB, respectively. The treatments in the second trial were: (1) plants without waterlogging and with no foliar applications, (2) plants with waterlogging and without foliar applications, and (3) waterlogged plants with 100 mM of H2O2 or GB, respectively. In the first experiment, plants with waterlogging and with exogenous GB or H2O2 applications at a dose of 100 mM showed higher leaf water potential (-0.5 Mpa), dry weight (1.0 g), and stomatal conductance (95 mmol·m-2·s-1) values. In the second experiment, exogenously supplied GB or H2O2 also increased the relative growth rate, and leaf photosynthesis mitigating waterlogging stress. These results show that short-term GB or H2O2 supply can be a tool in managing waterlogging in Cape gooseberry.

SUBMITTER: Castro-Duque NE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7285368 | biostudies-literature | 2020 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Foliar Glycine Betaine or Hydrogen Peroxide Sprays Ameliorate Waterlogging Stress in Cape Gooseberry.

Castro-Duque Nicolas E NE Chávez-Arias Cristhian C CC Restrepo-Díaz Hermann H

Plants (Basel, Switzerland) 20200519 5

Exogenous glycine betaine (GB) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) application has not been explored to mitigate waterlogging stress in Andean fruit trees. The objective of this study was to evaluate foliar GB or H2O2 application on the physiological behavior of Cape gooseberry plants under waterlogging. Two separate experiments were carried out. In the first trial, the treatment groups were: (1) plants without waterlogging and with no foliar applications, (2) ...[more]

PMID: 32438675

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Project description:Betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase (BHMT) transfers a methyl group from betaine to Hcy to form DMG (dimethylglycine) and Met. The reaction is ordered Bi Bi; Hcy is the first substrate to bind and Met is the last product off. Using intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence [Castro, Gratson, Evans, Jiracek, Collinsova, Ludwig and Garrow (2004) Biochemistry 43, 5341-5351], it was shown that BHMT exists in three steady-state conformations: enzyme alone, enzyme plus occupancy at the first substrate-binding site (Hcy or Met), or enzyme plus occupancy at both substrate-binding sites (Hcy plus betaine, or Hcy plus DMG). Betaine or DMG alone do not bind to the enzyme, indicating that the conformational change associated with Hcy binding creates the betaine-binding site. CBHcy [S-(d-carboxybutyl)-D,L-homocysteine] is a bisubstrate analogue that causes BHMT to adopt the same conformation as the ternary complexes. We report that BHMT is susceptible to conformation-dependent oxidative inactivation. Two oxidants, MMTS (methyl methanethiosulphonate) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), cause a loss of the enzyme's catalytic Zn (Zn2+ ion) and a correlative loss of activity. Addition of 2-mercaptoethanol and exogenous Zn after MMTS treatment restores activity, but oxidation due to H2O2 is irreversible. CD and glutaraldehyde cross-linking indicate that H2O2 treatment causes small perturbations in secondary structure but no change in quaternary structure. Oxidation is attenuated when both binding sites are occupied by CBHcy, but Met alone has no effect. Partial digestion of ligand-free BHMT with trypsin produces two large peptides, excising a seven-residue peptide within loop L2. CBHcy but not Met binding slows down proteolysis by trypsin. These findings suggest that L2 is involved in the conformational change associated with occupancy at the betaine-binding site and that this conformational change and/or occupancy at both ligand-binding sites protect the enzyme from oxidative inactivation.

Project description:BackgroundVascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum is the most important disease in cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) in Colombia. The development of resistant cultivars is considered one of the most cost-effective means to reduce the impact of this disease. In order to do so, it is necessary to provide breeders with molecular markers and promising germplasm for introgression of different resistance loci as part of breeding schemes. Here we described an association mapping study in cape gooseberry with the goal to: (i) select promising materials for use in plant breeding and (ii) identify SNPs associated with the cape gooseberry resistance response to the F. oxysporum pathogen under greenhouse conditions, as potential markers for cape gooseberry breeding.ResultsWe found a total of 21 accessions with different resistance responses within a diversity panel of 100 cape gooseberry accessions. A total of 60,663 SNPs were also identified within the same panel by means of GBS (Genotyping By Sequencing). Model-based population structure and neighbor-joining analyses showed three populations comprising the cape gooseberry panel. After correction for population structure and kinship, we identified SNPs markers associated with the resistance response against F. oxysporum. The identification of markers was based on common tags using the reference genomes of tomato and potato as well as the root/stem transcriptome of cape gooseberry. By comparing their location with the tomato genome, 16 SNPs were found in genes involved in defense/resistance response to pathogens, likewise when compared with the genome of potato, 12 markers were related.ConclusionsThe work presented herein provides the first association mapping study in cape gooseberry showing both the identification of promising accessions with resistance response phenotypes and the identification of a set of SNP markers mapped to defense/resistance response genes of reference genomes. Thus, the work also provides new knowledge on candidate genes involved in the P. peruviana - F. oxysporum pathosystem as a foundation for further validation in marker-assisted selection. The results have important implications for conservation and breeding strategies in cape gooseberry.

Dataset Information

Foliar Glycine Betaine or Hydrogen Peroxide Sprays Ameliorate Waterlogging Stress in Cape Gooseberry.

Publications

Foliar Glycine Betaine or Hydrogen Peroxide Sprays Ameliorate Waterlogging Stress in Cape Gooseberry.

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