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Efficient Toluene Adsorption on Metal Salt-Activated Porous Carbons Derived from Low-Cost Biomass: A Discussion of Mechanism.

ABSTRACT: Porous carbons (PCS) derived from sodium lignin sulfonate were activated by four common metal salts. The samples exhibit distinct characteristics of irregular, sunflower-like, interconnected sheet, and tine block morphologies under the impact of NaCl, CaCl₂, ZnCl₂, and FeCl₃, respectively (PCS-MCl _x ). Surprisingly, the maximum and minimum specific surface areas are 1524 and 44 m²/g corresponding to PCS-ZnCl₂ and PCS-NaCl. All of the samples have plentiful functional groups; herein, PCS-NaCl and PCS-FeCl₃ are detected with the highest O and S contents (11.85, 1.08%), respectively, which signifies sufficient active sites for adsorption. These porous materials were applied in toluene adsorption from paraffin liquid and matched the Langmuir isotherm models well. Thus, the activation mechanism was discussed in detail. PCS-MCl _x has a completely different pyrolysis behavior according to thermogravimetry/derivative thermogravimetry (TG/DTG) analysis. It is speculated that H[ZnCl₂(OH)] would have an etching effect on the carbon structure of PCS-ZnCl₂, and HCl or H₂SO₄, resulting from FeCl₃ hydrolysis and a reduction reaction, would be corrosive to the sodium lignin sulfonate (SLS) surface. Each metal salt plays a different role in activation. The devised method for the synthesis of porous carbons is green and economical, which is suited to mass production.

SUBMITTER: Li B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7288569 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Efficient Toluene Adsorption on Metal Salt-Activated Porous Carbons Derived from Low-Cost Biomass: A Discussion of Mechanism.

Li Bowen B Xiong He H Xiao Yang Y Hu Juncheng J Zhang Xin X Li Li L Wang Ruoheng R

ACS omega 20200522 22

Porous carbons (PCS) derived from sodium lignin sulfonate were activated by four common metal salts. The samples exhibit distinct characteristics of irregular, sunflower-like, interconnected sheet, and tine block morphologies under the impact of NaCl, CaCl2, ZnCl2, and FeCl3, respectively (PCS-MCl x ). Surprisingly, the maximum and minimum specific surface areas are 1524 and 44 m2/g corresponding to PCS-ZnCl2 and PCS-NaCl. ...[more]

PMID: 32548506

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Project description:Activated carbons were prepared from a lignocellulosic material, African palm shells (Elaeis guineensis), by chemical impregnation of the precursor with solutions of 1-7% w/v Cu(NO3)2 at five different concentrations. These were carbonized in a carbon dioxide atmosphere at 1073 K to obtain different carbons. Their textural properties were characterized by nitrogen and carbon dioxide adsorption isotherms in order to evaluate the pore-size distribution. The immersion enthalpies of the activated carbons in benzene, dichloromethane, and water were determined. The CO2 adsorption capacities of the materials at 273 K under low-pressure conditions were also determined. Chemical characterization was performed by mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and temperature-programmed reduction. With this method of preparation under the concentrations described, activated micro-mesoporous carbons were obtained, with the formation of highly mesoporous solids that favored the process of diffusion of molecules of CO2 into the material. Here, we show that activated carbons were obtained with different textural characteristics: surface Brunauer-Emmett-Teller areas varied between 473 and 1361 m2 g-1 and micropore volume between 0.18 and 0.51 cm3 g-1. The activated carbon with the highest values of textural parameters was ACCu5-1073. Micro-mesoporous solids were obtained with the methodology used. This is important as it may help the entry of CO2 molecules into the pores. The adsorption of CO2 in the materials prepared presented values between 103 and 217 mg CO2 g-1; the values of volume of narrow microporosity obtained were between 0.16 and 0.45 cm3 g-1. The solid with the greatest capacity for adsorption of CO2 and volume of narrow microporosity was ACCu3-1073. The use of these solids is of importance for future practical and industrial applications. The adsorption kinetic of CO2 in the activated carbons prepared with metallic salt of copper is in good accordance with the intraparticle diffusion model, for which diffusion is the rate-limiting step. The adsorption of CO2 in the prepared activated carbons is favorable from the energy and kinetic point of view, as these accompanied by the presence of wide micro-mesoporosity favor the entry of CO2 into the micropores.

Dataset Information

Efficient Toluene Adsorption on Metal Salt-Activated Porous Carbons Derived from Low-Cost Biomass: A Discussion of Mechanism.

Publications

Efficient Toluene Adsorption on Metal Salt-Activated Porous Carbons Derived from Low-Cost Biomass: A Discussion of Mechanism.

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