Dataset Information

Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among civil servants in Sidama Zone, south Ethiopia.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Hypertension is the leading cause of death and disability in adult populations globally. Its prevalence is increasing rapidly in Ethiopia. Studies conducted to date address different population categories. However, there is lack of data on the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among civil servants working in various sectors and levels.

Objective

To assess the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among civil servants in Sidama Zone, south Ethiopia.

Methods and materials

An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1-30, 2019 on a sample of 546 civil servants selected randomly from different departments of Sidama Zone Administration. Data were collected using structured, face-to-face interviewer-administered questionnaire and standard physical measurements. The data were entered using Epi Data 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with hypertension. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were computed to assess the presence and strength of associations.

Results

A total of 546 civil servants responded resulting in a response rate of 94.9%. The prevalence of hypertension was 24.5% [95% CI: 23.3% - 25.6%]. The identified risk factors of hypertension were male sex (AOR 4.31[95% CI: 1.84-10.09]), moderate current alcohol consumption (AOR: 4.85; [95% CI: 1.73-13.61]), current khat chewing (AOR 2.97[95% CI: 1.38-6.40]), old age (AOR: 4.41[95% CI: 1.19-16.26]), being obese (AOR 5.94 [95% CI: 1.26-27.86]) and central obesity (AOR 3.57 [95% CI: 1.80-7.07]).

Conclusions

One in four civil servants are hypertensive. Different demographic, behavioral and metabolic factors increase the odds of hypertension among civil servants. Prevention and control of hypertension shall involve promotion of healthy lifestyles such as weight management, regular physical activity and quitting or cutting down on harmful use of substances such as alcohol and khat.

SUBMITTER: Badego B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7289366 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among civil servants in Sidama Zone, south Ethiopia.

Badego Bedilu B Yoseph Amanuel A Astatkie Ayalew A

PloS one 20200611 6

<h4>Introduction</h4>Hypertension is the leading cause of death and disability in adult populations globally. Its prevalence is increasing rapidly in Ethiopia. Studies conducted to date address different population categories. However, there is lack of data on the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among civil servants working in various sectors and levels.<h4>Objective</h4>To assess the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among civil servants in Sidama Zone, south Ethiopia.<h4> ...[more]

PMID: 32525916

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Project description:BackgroundAbdominal obesity increases the risk of cardio-metabolic diseases, disability, and poor quality of life, as well as health-care costs. It is a component of the metabolic syndrome, along with hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of abdominal obesity and associated risk factors among female civil servants in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in 2021.MethodsAn institution-based cross-sectional study was undertaken from March31st to April 15th, 2021.A multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select 478 study participants. Data was entered into EpiData version 3.1 and then exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. A descriptive data analysis was used to present the distribution of study variables. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were used to assess the relationship between independent variables and abdominal obesity at 95% CI. The level of statistical significance was declared at a p-value less than 0.05.ResultThe prevalence of abdominal obesity defined by waist circumference was found to be29.5% (95% CI: 25.39-33.6%) and 32.8% (95% CI: 28.57%-37.03%) by waist hip ratio, respectively. Age group 29-37 years [AOR= 2.451, 95% CI: (1.199-5.013)], age group 38-46 years [AOR=3.807, 95% CI: (1.328-10.914)], age group 47-55 years [AOR=6.489, 95% CI: (1.367-30.805)], being married [AOR= 4.762, 95% CI: (2.321-9.721)],consumption of meat >=5 per week[ AOR= 4.764, 95% CI: (1.939-11.711)], having lunch daily[AOR= 0.388, 95% CI:(0.166-0.910)] and snack consumption [AOR=4.163, 95% CI:(1.503-11.534)] were significantly associated with abdominal obesity.ConclusionThe prevalence of abdominal obesity as measured by waist circumference and waist hip ratio was found to be moderate and high, respectively. Age, being married, high consumption of meat, and having lunch daily were identified as associated with abdominal obesity. Healthy diet health education and nutrition intervention should be considered, with a focus on married, meat-consuming, and older age-group female civil servants.

Project description:BACKGROUNDNon-communicable diseases (NCDs) have become a global public health problem, which threatens Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) including Nigeria. Civil servants are at risk of NCDs because of the stressful and sedentary nature of their work. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of the major risk factors of NCDs among civil servants in Ibadan, Nigeria.METHODSA cross-sectional study was conducted among 606 civil servants in Oyo State using a two-stage cluster sampling technique. The WHO Stepwise approach was used to assess the behavioural and metabolic risk factors. Anthropometric (weight, height, waist and hip circumferences), blood pressure and biochemical measurements (fasting blood sugar) were obtained. Prevalence rates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Multivariate logistic models with adjusted odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were used to assess the associated factors of NCD risk factors. Multiple Poisson regression was also performed to determine the effects of certain socio-demographic factors on the clustering of NCD risk factors.RESULTSThe mean age of the civil servants was 43.0±10.3 and 53.8% were males. The prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals of the risk factors were 6.5% (95% CI:4.5-8.5) for current smoking, 7.8% (95% CI:5.1-10.5) for harmful use of alcohol, 62.2% (95% CI:58.2-66.2) for low physical activity, 69.7% (95% CI:66.0-73.4) for insufficient fruit and vegetable intake, 37.1% (95% CI:33.2-41.0) for abdominal obesity, 57.3% (95% CI:53.3-61.3) for overweight and obesity, 33.1% (95% CI:29.3-36.8) for raised blood pressure and 7.1% (95% CI:5.0-9.1) for raised blood sugar. Over 75% of the population had at least two NCD risk factors and the study participants had an average of 3 NCD risk factors 3.01 (95% CI: 2.88-3.14) The female gender was significantly associated with an increased risk for abdominal obesity (AOR 27.9; 95% CI: 12.09-64.6) and being overweight or obese (AOR 6.78; 95% CI: 3.53-13.01), but was protective of smoking (AOR 0.21; 95% CI: 0.07-0.61) and binge drinking (AOR 0.04; 95% CI: 0.01-0.45). Also, the risk of hypertension increased with age- 30-39 years (AOR 12.29; 95% CI: 1.06-141.8), 40-49 years (AOR 14.28; 95% CI: 1.10-181.4) and 50 years and above (AOR 32.43; 95% CI: 2.44-413.7). Raised blood pressure was a strong correlate for having raised blood sugar (AOR 5.63; 95% CI: 1.48-21.3). Increasing age (IRR 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01-1.02) and being female (IRR 1.36; 95% CI: 1.23-1.49) were also important predictors of the clustering of risk factors.CONCLUSIONThe feminization (i.e. the preponderance of risk factors among the females) and clustering of non-communicable disease risk factors were observed among Oyo State civil servants. Our findings highlight the high prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factors among the working class. Hence the need for targeted preventive and therapeutic interventions among this population.

Project description:BackgroundAbsence of reliable health insurance schemes is a key challenge to meet the universal health coverage target of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Ethiopian health system is characterized by under financing, low protection mechanisms for the poor, and lack of mechanisms of risk pooling and cost sharing. Ethiopia is implementing social health insurance (SHI) scheme to reduce out of pocket payment (OOP) and improve access and use of healthcare. This study aimed to determine the demand for SHI among civil servants and associated factors in Northwest Ethiopia.MethodsAn institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Bahir Dar city from 557 randomly selected civil servants using structured and self-administered questionaire. The questionnaire included questions measuring demand for SHI and demographic, socio-economic, healthcare related and personal and behavioral factors. Data were first entered in Epi-Info version 7.0 and transferred to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis were performed.ResultsFrom the total calculated sample size of 557, 488 respondents returned the questionnaire giving a response rate of 88%. Nearly three-fourth of the respondents, 355 (72.7%), reported their need to be enrolled in a SHI scheme. Two-third of the respondents 325 (66.6%) were willing to pay for their enrollment. Overall, three hundred and two (61.9%) were demanding SHI. Having good awareness about health insurance [AOR?=?4.39, 95% CI?=?(1.82-12.89)] and trust on a health insurance agency [AOR?=?3.0, 95% CI?=?(1.57-5.72)], were significantly associated with the demand for SHI among civil servants.ConclusionThe demand for SHI among civil servants were higher. The awareness towards SHI and trust on the SHI agency were significantly associated with demand for SHI. As Ethiopia aspires to insure all employees of the formal sector, and improving the awareness of civil servants about SHI and the agency providing the service could improve demand for SHI. Further research is important on healthcare organizational and professional readiness to handle the upcoming insurance driven quality health service need and health seeking behavioral change.

Project description:ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess voluntary blood donation practice and associated factors among Bale Robe town civil servants in Oromia, Southeast Ethiopia, 2021.MethodsAn institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 601 civil servants selected by a stratified systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire was pre-tested on 5% of the total sample size before actual data collection. Data were coded and entered into EpiData version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Frequency distribution, descriptive statistics, and diagrams were used to summarize and present data. Binary logistic regression was performed to assess the association between independent variables and voluntary blood donation practice. An adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to identify factors associated with the outcome variables. And p-value < 0.05 was used to declare significance.ResultOf the total of 630 selected civil servants, 601 give a complete response to the questionnaire yielding a response rate of 95%. The mean age of participants was 34.19 years, and 328 (54.6%) of them were rural residents before they joined the governmental work. The lifetime voluntary blood donation practice among civil servants was 27%; 95% confidence interval = (23%-31%). The major reason for not donating blood was fear related to blood donation 186 (42.4%). From multivariable logistic regression, four variables were found as significant independent variables associated with voluntary blood donation practice. Accordingly, having a family member or relative who previously donate blood (adjusted odds ratio = 2.48; 95% confidence interval = (1.39, 4.39)), previous participation in a blood donation campaign (adjusted odds ratio = 5.84; 95% confidence interval = (3.39, 1.04)), and willingness to donate blood (adjusted odds ratio = 5.04; 95% confidence interval = (2.21, 11.48)) were variables significantly and positively associated with voluntary blood donation practice, respectively. Civil servants who had no opportunity to donate blood previously were less likely to give voluntary blood donation (adjusted odds ratio = 0.15 (95% confidence interval = 0.063, 0.367)).ConclusionThe study identified a low level of voluntary blood donation. Having family members/relatives who donate blood, previous participation in a blood donation campaign, and willingness to donate blood were significantly associated with voluntary blood donation. Therefore, there should be regularly scheduled campaigns encouraging civil servants' voluntary blood donation.

Project description:IntroductionDisrespect and abusive care is a violation of women's basic human rights and it is serious global problem that needs urgent intervention. Poor quality client-provider interaction is commonly reported from family planning programmes. In Ethiopia, disrespect and abusive care is very common (21-78%) across health facilities.ObjectiveTo assess the status of respectful family planning service (client-provider interaction) in Sidama zone, south Ethiopia.MethodologyHealth facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June to August 2018. Data were collected from 920 family planning clients recruited from 40 randomly selected health facilities. The Mother on Respect index (MORi) questionnaire was used to collect the data through client exit interview. Partial proportional odds ordinal regression was employed to identify determinants of respectful family planning service.ResultAmong family planning clients, the level of respectful family planning service was found to be zero (0%) in the very low respect category, 75(18.5%) in the low respect category, 382(41.52%) in moderate respect category and 463(50.33%) in high respect category. Being a short acting method client (AOR = 0.30, 95%CI [0.12, 0.72]), being an uneducated client (AOR = 0.39, 95%CI [0.25, 0.61]) or a client with elementary education (AOR = 0.41, 95%CI [0.23, 0.73]), client's poverty (AOR = 0.75, 95%CI [0.56, 0.99]), and long waiting time (AOR = 0.46, 95%CI [0.30, 0.69])significantly reduced the odds of moderate and high respect compared to low respect. Conversely, preference of male service providers, service providers' work satisfaction and health workers' prior training on respectful care significantly increased the odds of moderate and high respect.ConclusionConsidering the current strategy of zero tolerance for disrespect and abuse in Ethiopia, the level of respectful care in this study is sub-optimal. Short term training for service providers on respectful care seems valuable to enhance the level of respectful care for family planning clients irrespective of their socioeconomic background.

Project description:BackgroundGlobally, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have continued to ravage the human existence through the premature deaths of its workforce. Despite this burden, many studies in Nigeria have focused on determining the prevalence of risk factors which alone are insufficient to assess the risk of future cardiovascular events. Therefore, we determined the pattern and predictors of 10-year risk for CVDs in South-western Nigeria.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study among workers at the local government areas (LGAs) of Oyo State. Using a multi-stage sampling technique, we recruited 260 respondents from the LGA secretariats. A pre-tested, interviewer-administered questionnaire was administered to obtain information on the socio-demographics and behavioural attributes. Lipid analysis, anthropometric, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose measurements were done using standard protocols. The respondents' CVD risk was assessed using WHO prediction chart. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25; bivariate analysis was done using Chi-square and binary logistic regression was used to identify the predictors of 10-year risk for CVDs at 5% level of significance.ResultsThe mean age of respondents was 46.0 + 6.7 years. The proportion of respondents with good knowledge of risk factors was 57.7%. The prevalence of CVD risk factors were as follows: systolic hypertension (29.6%), visceral obesity (35.8%), diabetes mellitus (18.8%), smoking (5.8%), elevated total cholesterol (55.4%) and physical inactivity (84.6%). The proportion of respondents with low, moderate and high risk of developing CVDs within 10 years was 76.9, 8.5 and 14.6% respectively. Respondents with age ≥ 40 years (aOR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.3-8.5), management cadre (aOR = 3.8, 95% CI = 1.6-9.6), obesity (aOR = 4.8, 95% CI = 1.2-120), abnormal waist circumference (aOR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.3-5.2) and physical inactivity (aOR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.2-4.7) were associated with the higher likelihood of developing CVDs.ConclusionAbout one-sixth of the respondents had high risk of developing CVDs within the next 10 years and it is likely that it will reduce the productivity of the State. Lifestyle modification and early detection of risk factors through regular screening programmes for those with high CVD risk is therefore recommended.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease of public health concern, with a varying distribution across settings depending on socio-economic status, HIV burden, availability and performance of the health system. Ethiopia is a country with a high burden of TB, with regional variations in TB case notification rates (CNRs). However, TB program reports are often compiled and reported at higher administrative units that do not show the burden at lower units, so there is limited information about the spatial distribution of the disease. We therefore aim to assess the spatial distribution and presence of the spatio-temporal clustering of the disease in different geographic settings over 10 years in the Sidama Zone in southern Ethiopia. METHODS:A retrospective space-time and spatial analysis were carried out at the kebele level (the lowest administrative unit within a district) to identify spatial and space-time clusters of smear-positive pulmonary TB (PTB). Scan statistics, Global Moran's I, and Getis and Ordi (Gi*) statistics were all used to help analyze the spatial distribution and clusters of the disease across settings. RESULTS:A total of 22,545 smear-positive PTB cases notified over 10 years were used for spatial analysis. In a purely spatial analysis, we identified the most likely cluster of smear-positive PTB in 192 kebeles in eight districts (RR= 2, p<0.001), with 12,155 observed and 8,668 expected cases. The Gi* statistic also identified the clusters in the same areas, and the spatial clusters showed stability in most areas in each year during the study period. The space-time analysis also detected the most likely cluster in 193 kebeles in the same eight districts (RR= 1.92, p<0.001), with 7,584 observed and 4,738 expected cases in 2003-2012. CONCLUSION:The study found variations in CNRs and significant spatio-temporal clusters of smear-positive PTB in the Sidama Zone. The findings can be used to guide TB control programs to devise effective TB control strategies for the geographic areas characterized by the highest CNRs. Further studies are required to understand the factors associated with clustering based on individual level locations and investigation of cases.

Project description:BackgroundA number of epidemiological studies were performed to know the prevalence of and the risk factors for hypertension. However, these studies reported inconsistent results. As a result, this systematic review and meta-analysis were planned to generate representative data on the prevalence of and risk factors for hypertension among the Ethiopian adult population.MethodsFive electronic databases, namely, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Hinari, and African Journals Online, were searched for studies published in English from 1 January 2010 to 31 August 2020. Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument and Newcastle-Ottawa scale were used for data extraction and quality assessment for this review. Stata version 14 statistical software was used for the analysis, and due to high heterogeneity a random effects model was used for meta-analysis at 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsIn this review, 35 observational studies were included. The pooled prevalence of hypertension in Ethiopia was 20.63% (95% CI [18.70, 22.55]) with the I 2 value of 96.1%. Older age (≥40 years) (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 3.46 [95% CI: 2.67, 4.49]), urban residence (AOR: 1.47 [95% CI: 1.28, 1.70]), educational status less than grade 12 (AOR: 1.67 [95% CI: 1.38, 2.01]), family history of hypertension (AOR: 4.33 [95% CI: 2.95, 6.34]), diabetes mellitus (DM) (AOR: 5.18 [95% CI: 3.01, 8.88]), body mass index (BMI) ≥25 (AOR: 3.79 [95% CI: 2.61, 5.50]), central obesity (AOR: 1.91 [95% CI: 1.09, 3.36]), and alcohol consumption (AOR: 1.72 [95% CI: 1.26, 2.34]) were the identified risk factors for hypertension.ConclusionThe pooled prevalence of hypertension is relatively higher as compared to the previous reports in Ethiopia. Older age, urban residence, lower educational coverage, family history of hypertension, DM, BMI ≥25, alcohol consumption, and central obesity were the risk factors for hypertension. The governments and stakeholders should design an appropriate strategy to prevent and control the disease in the Ethiopian population.

Dataset Information

Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among civil servants in Sidama Zone, south Ethiopia.

Introduction

Objective

Methods and materials

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among civil servants in Sidama Zone, south Ethiopia.

Similar Datasets

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