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Genetic analysis of agronomic traits in elite sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) germplasm.

ABSTRACT: Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is an important economic crop, supplying up to 80% of the table sugar and ~60% of bio-ethanol worldwide. Due to population growth and dwindling fossil-fuel reserves, the demand for sugar and bio-ethanol requires significant improvement in sugarcane production. Breeding sugarcane cultivars with high-performance agronomic traits is undoubtedly the most efficient way to achieve this goal. Therefore, evaluating agronomic traits and dissecting underlying loci are critically important for this aim steps in providing genetic resources and molecular markers for selection. In this study, we assembled a diversity panel of 236 elite sugarcane germplasms originally collected from 12 countries. We evaluated 28 agronomic traits in the diversity panel with three replicates. The diversity panel was genotyped using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers, and a total of 1,359 markers were generated. Through the genome-wide association study, we identified three markers significantly associated with three traits evaluated at a stringent threshold (P < 0.05 after Bonferroni correction). The genotypes of the three associated markers grouped respective trait values into two distinct groups, supporting the reliability of these markers for breeding selection. Our study provides putative molecular markers linked to agronomic traits for breeding robust sugarcane cultivars. Additionally, this study emphasized the importance of sugarcane germplasm introduced from other countries and suggested that the use of these germplasms in breeding programs depends on local industrial needs.

SUBMITTER: Zan F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7289623 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:A measure of genetic diversity of genotypes to be used as parents is imperative to use them prudently in crop improvement. In this study, genetic diversity and population structure of 133 sugarcane hybrid derivatives were quantified using 20 sequence-tagged microsatellite sites (STMS) primers. The number of alleles ranged from 9 to 27 with the average of 17.95 alleles per primer, while the polymorphism information content values of the primers ranged from 0.29 to 0.78. Cophenetic correlation coefficient value observed as 0.84 by STMS markers revealed that the cluster result was acceptable for the calculation of genetic similarity matrix. Principal component analysis showed that 133 genotypes fell in two groups, first and second components associated 8.34 and 3.22% with eigen values of 5.61 and 2.17, respectively. Similar trend was observed with principal coordinate analysis, wherein, the first and second component accounted to 8.34 and 3.22% with eigen values of 741.29 and 286.11. The similarity index values ranged from 0.50 to 0.87 for the possible 8778 combinations from 133 genotypes, of which 8069 combinations exhibited less/moderate genetic similarity indicating the availability of sufficient genetic diversity in the experimental material and hence their value in the genetic improvement of sugarcane. Dissimilarity analysis using DARwin of 133 genotypes could distinguish two major clusters and into five subclusters and the results matched with those of the population structure which also showed five subpopulations. The bigger group SP1 was predominantly comprised of clones developed at the main sugarcane-breeding place in India, located at Coimbatore. The subpopulation SP4 was formed largely with clones from research stations other than at Coimbatore and interspecific hybrids, while SP5 comprised of clones of early origin. These observations were similar to the radial tree based on the DARwin software in that 81.95% of the genotypes of each cluster were similar in the two analyses. The results thus showed that location and time of origin were two major factors that contributed to diversity. Based on analysis of molecular variance, subpopulations SP2 and SP4 were more variable from the rest. SP2 (comprising of Co 99008, Co 99006, Co 94012, Co 93023, CoC 671, Co 89034, Co 91003, Co 06022, Co 98017, Co 87044, Co 06018, Co 89003, Co 98014, and Co 86032) exhibited maximum genetic variation, the least gene flow, and the lowest heterozygosity value and would serve as the best group for utilization in genetic improvement. Graphical genotyping (GGT) image of each genotype was distinctly different, indicating the genetic uniqueness of sugarcane genotypes under study as revealed through STMS technology. A core set of 40 genotypes was identified using GGT 2.0 software program for the easiness of harnessing the available genetic diversity of 133 genotypes, through hybridization in sugarcane improvement programs.

Project description:Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) has a complex genome with variable ploidy and frequent aneuploidy, which hampers the understanding of phenotype and genotype relations. Despite this complexity, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) may be used to identify favorable alleles for target traits in core collections and then assist breeders in better managing crosses and selecting superior genotypes in breeding populations. Therefore, in the present study, we used a diversity panel of sugarcane, called the Brazilian Panel of Sugarcane Genotypes (BPSG), with the following objectives: (i) estimate, through a mixed model, the adjusted means and genetic parameters of the five yield traits evaluated over two harvest years; (ii) detect population structure, linkage disequilibrium (LD) and genetic diversity using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers; (iii) perform GWAS analysis to identify marker-trait associations (MTAs); and iv) annotate the sequences giving rise to SSR markers that had fragments associated with target traits to search for putative candidate genes. The phenotypic data analysis showed that the broad-sense heritability values were above 0.48 and 0.49 for the first and second harvests, respectively. The set of 100 SSR markers produced 1,483 fragments, of which 99.5% were polymorphic. These SSR fragments were useful to estimate the most likely number of subpopulations, found to be four, and the LD in BPSG, which was stronger in the first 15 cM and present to a large extension (65 cM). Genetic diversity analysis showed that, in general, the clustering of accessions within the subpopulations was in accordance with the pedigree information. GWAS performed through a multilocus mixed model revealed 23 MTAs, six, three, seven, four and three for soluble solid content, stalk height, stalk number, stalk weight and cane yield traits, respectively. These MTAs may be validated in other populations to support sugarcane breeding programs with introgression of favorable alleles and marker-assisted selection.

Project description:Striga hermonthica (Sh) and S. asiatica (Sa) are major parasitic weeds limiting cereal crop production and productivity in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Under severe infestation, Striga causes yield losses of up to 100%. Breeding for Striga-resistant maize varieties is the most effective and economical approach to controlling the parasite. Well-characterized and genetically differentiated maize germplasm is vital to developing inbred lines, hybrids, and synthetic varieties with Striga resistance and desirable product profiles. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic diversity of 130 tropical and sub-tropical maize inbred lines, hybrids, and open-pollinated varieties germplasm using phenotypic traits and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to select Striga-resistant and complementary genotypes for breeding. The test genotypes were phenotyped with Sh and Sa infestations using a 13x10 alpha lattice design with two replications. Agro-morphological traits and Striga-resistance damage parameters were recorded under a controlled environment. Further, high-density Diversity Array Technology Sequencing-derived SNP markers were used to profile the test genotypes. Significant phenotypic differences (P<0.001) were detected among the assessed genotypes for the assessed traits. The SNP markers revealed mean gene diversity and polymorphic information content of 0.34 and 0.44, respectively, supporting the phenotypic variation of the test genotypes. Higher significant variation was recorded within populations (85%) than between populations using the analysis of molecular variance. The Structure analysis allocated the test genotypes into eight major clusters (K = 8) in concordance with the principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). The following genetically distant inbred lines were selected, displaying good agronomic performance and Sa and Sh resistance: CML540, TZISTR25, TZISTR1248, CLHP0303, TZISTR1174, TZSTRI113, TZDEEI50, TZSTRI115, CML539, TZISTR1015, CZL99017, CML451, CML566, CLHP0343 and CML440. Genetically diverse and complementary lines were selected among the tropical and sub-tropical maize populations that will facilitate the breeding of maize varieties with Striga resistance and market-preferred traits.

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Genetic analysis of agronomic traits in elite sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) germplasm.

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