Dataset Information

Effects of a Multicomponent Exercise Program in Physical Function and Muscle Mass in Sarcopenic/Pre-Sarcopenic Adults.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to assess the effects of a multicomponent exercise program on physical function and muscle mass in older adults with sarcopenia or pre-sarcopenia. Moreover, we aim to standardize the exercise program for easy incorporation in the daily life of community-dwelling older adults as a secondary outcome. A single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted with individuals (?60 years) who had sarcopenia or pre-sarcopenia (n = 72). Participants were randomly assigned to the exercise and control groups. The exercise program consisted of 12 weekly 60-minute sessions that included resistance, balance, flexibility, and aerobic training. Outcome measures were physical function and muscle mass. Assessments were conducted before and immediately after the intervention. Among the 72 participants (mean age: 75.0 ± 6.9 years; 70.8% women), 67 (93.1%) completed the trial. Group-by-time interactions on the chair stand (p = 0.02) and timed "up and go" (p = 0.01) tests increased significantly in the exercise group. Although the exercise group showed a tendency to prevent loss of muscle mass, no significant interaction effects were observed for cross-sectional muscle area and muscle volume. The 12-week exercise program improved physical function in the intervention group. Although it is unclear whether the program is effective in increasing muscle mass, a multicomponent exercise program would be an effective treatment for physical function among older adults with sarcopenia.

SUBMITTER: Makizako H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7291119 | biostudies-literature | 2020 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effects of a Multicomponent Exercise Program in Physical Function and Muscle Mass in Sarcopenic/Pre-Sarcopenic Adults.

Makizako Hyuma H Nakai Yuki Y Tomioka Kazutoshi K Taniguchi Yoshiaki Y Sato Nana N Wada Ayumi A Kiyama Ryoji R Tsutsumimoto Kota K Ohishi Mitsuru M Kiuchi Yuto Y Kubozono Takuro T Takenaka Toshihiro T

Journal of clinical medicine 20200508 5

This study aimed to assess the effects of a multicomponent exercise program on physical function and muscle mass in older adults with sarcopenia or pre-sarcopenia. Moreover, we aim to standardize the exercise program for easy incorporation in the daily life of community-dwelling older adults as a secondary outcome. A single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted with individuals (≥60 years) who had sarcopenia or pre-sarcopenia (<i>n</i> = 72). Participants were randomly assigned to the ...[more]

PMID: 32397192

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Project description:BackgroundThe Exercise Right for Active Ageing (ERAA) program was established to improve access to exercise classes for community-dwelling older Australians. The aims of this study were to determine whether older adults, who participated in ERAA exercise classes experienced a change in physical function, and identify factors associated with this change.MethodsParticipants included community-dwelling older adults, aged ≥ 65 years, from every state and territory of Australia. The ERAA program included 12 subsidised, weekly, low- to moderate-intensity exercise classes, delivered by accredited exercise scientists or physiologists (AESs/AEPs). Primary outcomes included the 30 s Sit-to-Stand (STS) and the 3-metre Timed Up and Go (TUG) tests. Secondary outcomes included grip strength, the Chair Sit and Reach test, and waist circumference. Linear mixed-effects regression models were used to evaluate the change in outcomes following program completion, and to determine factors associated with changes in the primary outcomes.Results3,582 older adults (77% female) with a median (IQR) age of 72 (69-77) years completed follow-up testing. For all primary and secondary outcomes, there was a statistically significant improvement after program completion (p < 0.001). The STS increased by 2.2 repetitions (95% CI: 2.1, 2.3), the TUG decreased by 0.9 s (95% CI: -1.0, -0.8), right and left grip strength increased by 1.3 kg (95% CI: 1.2, 1.5) and 1.5 kg (95% CI: 1.3, 1.6), respectively, right and left reach increased by 1.7 cm (95% CI: 1.4, 2.0), and waist circumference decreased by 1.2 cm (95% CI: -1.4, -1.1). Greater improvements in STS were observed for participants aged 65-69 years, females, and those with greater socio-economic disadvantage. For the TUG, greater improvements were observed in participants reporting 2 + comorbidities, and residing in outer regional areas and areas with greater socio-economic disadvantage.ConclusionsParticipation of older Australians in the ERAA program, led to statistically significant improvements in physical function. The program reached a large number of older Australians from every state and territory, including those from regional and remote parts of Australia, aged over 85 years, and with high levels of comorbidity, which supports the feasibility and acceptability of AES- and AEP-led exercise classes amongst community-dwelling older Australians.Trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) (ACTRN12623000483651). Registered 12 May 2023 - Retrospectively registered, https://www.anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12623000483651.aspx .

Project description:PurposeThe aim of this umbrella review was to determine the impact of resistance training (RT) and individual RT prescription variables on muscle mass, strength, and physical function in healthy adults.MethodsFollowing Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we systematically searched and screened eligible systematic reviews reporting the effects of differing RT prescription variables on muscle mass (or its proxies), strength, and/or physical function in healthy adults aged >18 years.ResultsWe identified 44 systematic reviews that met our inclusion criteria. The methodological quality of these reviews was assessed using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews; standardized effectiveness statements were generated. We found that RT was consistently a potent stimulus for increasing skeletal muscle mass (4/4 reviews provide some or sufficient evidence), strength (4/6 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence), and physical function (1/1 review provided some evidence). RT load (6/8 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence), weekly frequency (2/4 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence), volume (3/7 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence), and exercise order (1/1 review provided some evidence) impacted RT-induced increases in muscular strength. We discovered that 2/3 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence that RT volume and contraction velocity influenced skeletal muscle mass, while 4/7 reviews provided insufficient evidence in favor of RT load impacting skeletal muscle mass. There was insufficient evidence to conclude that time of day, periodization, inter-set rest, set configuration, set end point, contraction velocity/time under tension, or exercise order (only pertaining to hypertrophy) influenced skeletal muscle adaptations. A paucity of data limited insights into the impact of RT prescription variables on physical function.ConclusionOverall, RT increased muscle mass, strength, and physical function compared to no exercise. RT intensity (load) and weekly frequency impacted RT-induced increases in muscular strength but not muscle hypertrophy. RT volume (number of sets) influenced muscular strength and hypertrophy.

Project description:Regular engagement in physical activity (PA) or physical exercise (PE) is effective at improving physical performance and body composition in older adults. Less is known about the benefits that may be obtained through combining PA with PE and whether the effects of activity habits differ between men and women. This study cross-sectionally investigated the association of PA and/or PE with physical performance and anthropometric measures in a large and relatively unselected sample of older adults enrolled in the Longevity Check-up (Lookup) 7+ project. Participants were individuals 65 years and older living in the community who were recruited in unconventional settings across Italy. Adherence to PA or PE was operationalized as involvement in light walking or various types of exercise, respectively, at least twice weekly for a minimum of 30 min per session throughout the last 12 months. Physical performance measures included handgrip strength and five-time sit-to-stand (5STS) tests. Lower-limb muscle power and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) were estimated through validated equations. We analyzed data of 4119 participants, of whom 2222 (53.4%) were women. The mean age was 72.8 ± 5.8 years in men and 72.1 ± 5.4 years in women. Regular engagement in PA + PE was reported by 139 (7.3%) men and 100 (4.5%) women. Results indicated that regular walking activity and/or PE were significantly associated with better physical performance and greater ASM with sex-specific patterns. Associations were also influenced by the type of activity, physical performance assessment tool, and anthropometric parameters. Men engaged in PA + PE performed better on the 5STS test and had greater handgrip strength, ASM, and relative and specific muscle power than those practicing either PA or PE. In women, the combination of PA and PE was associated with greater handgrip strength. The findings of this study indicate that older adults regularly practicing PA + PE had better physical performance than those who only engaged in either modality. In men, the combination of PA and PE was also associated with greater ASM.

Project description:BackgroundDementia is a leading cause of death and disability that was declared as one of the greatest health and social care challenges of the twenty-first century. Regular physical activity and exercise have been proposed as a non-pharmacological strategy in disease prevention and management. Multicomponent Training (MT) combines aerobic, strength, balance and postural exercises and might be an effective training to improve both functional capacity and cognitive function in individuals with dementia (IwD). Nevertheless, data on the effects of MT in IwD are still limited and the extent to which IwD can retain improvements after an exercise intervention still needs to be elucidated. The aim of "Body & Brain" study is to investigate the effects of a 6-month MT intervention and 3-month detraining on the physical and cognitive function of IwD. Additionally, we aim to explore the impact of this intervention on psychosocial factors and physiologic markers related to dementia.MethodsThis study is a quasi-experimental controlled trial using a parallel-group design. The study sample consists of community-dwelling individuals aged ≥60 years who are clinically diagnosed with dementia or major neurocognitive disorder. Participants will be either allocated into the intervention group or the control group. The intervention group will participate in MT biweekly exercise sessions, whereas the control group will receive monthly sessions regarding physical activity and health-related topics for 6 months. The main outcomes will be physical function as measured by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and cognitive function evaluated using the Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale - Cognitive (ADAS-Cog) at baseline, after 6-months and 3-months after the end of intervention. Secondary outcomes will be body composition, physical fitness, daily functionality, quality of life, neuropsychiatric symptoms and caregiver's burden. Cardiovascular, inflammatory and neurotrophic blood-based biomarkers, and arterial stiffness will also be evaluated in subsamples.DiscussionIf our hypothesis is correct, this project will provide evidence regarding the efficacy of MT training in improving physical and cognitive function and give insights about its impact on novel molecular biomarkers related to dementia. This project may also contribute to provide guidelines on exercise prescription for IwD.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov - identifier number NCT04095962 ; retrospectively registered on 19 September 2019.

Dataset Information

Effects of a Multicomponent Exercise Program in Physical Function and Muscle Mass in Sarcopenic/Pre-Sarcopenic Adults.

Publications

Effects of a Multicomponent Exercise Program in Physical Function and Muscle Mass in Sarcopenic/Pre-Sarcopenic Adults.

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