Relationship between population characteristics, e-cigarette and tobacco-related perceptions, and likelihood of ever using e-cigarettes.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Pfeiffer JA
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7291885 | biostudies-literature | 2020
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Similar Datasets
Project description:IntroductionTobacco product characteristics convey product attributes to potential users. This study aimed to assess independent contributions of specific e-cigarette and smokeless tobacco product characteristics to adolescents' perceptions about these products.MethodsIn 2019-2020, students (N=1003) attending a convenience sample of 7 high schools in California (USA) were individually randomized to one of two discrete choice experiments, featuring either electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) or moist snuff. Participants were presented like-product pairs of randomlygenerated hypothetical tobacco products differing in device type, flavor, vapor cloud, and nicotine amount (for e-cigarettes) or differing in brand, flavor, cut, and price (for moist snuff). Within pairs, participants were asked about which product they were more curious, was more dangerous, would give a greater 'buzz,' and would be easier to use. Conditional logistic regression was used to quantify independent associations of product characteristics to participants' choices.ResultsEach e-cigarette and moist snuff characteristic was independently associated with multiple product perceptions. All non-tobacco flavors were associated with more curiosity and perceived ease-of-use but lower perceived danger. Tank and pod-type e-cigarettes were viewed as easier to use and garnered more curiosity than 'cigalike' or 'drip-mod' devices. Smaller vapor cloud e-cigarettes and lower-price moist snuff were viewed as less dangerous, less buzz-inducing, and easier to use. Product ever users held stronger perceptions than never users about device type (e-cigarettes) and brands (moist snuff), while product naïve participants more strongly associated flavor with danger and buzz.ConclusionsTobacco product characteristics convey product attributes to adolescents that may increase appeal. Restricting specific characteristics, including flavors, could reduce positive perceptions of these products among youth.
| S-EPMC7485438 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This study examined the effect of exposure to "cigalike" (products resembling cigarettes) e-cigarette advertisements on adolescents' perceptions of cigarettes. A nationally representative sample of 802 adolescents (13-17 years old) was randomly assigned to watch three e-cigarette or three control advertisements. Never-smokers who saw the e-cigarette advertisements (n = 352) reported significantly lower perceived risks of smoking than those in the control condition (n = 320). Ever-smokers (n = 130) did not show significant differences across the conditions. In subgroup analyses, current smokers (reported smoking in the past 30 days, n = 31) in the e-cigarette condition reported significantly lower perceived benefits of smoking than those in the control condition. E-cigarette advertisements can affect adolescents' perceptions of cigarettes. Many advertisements, especially the ones promoting "cigalikes," depict e-cigarettes as being similar to cigarettes (e.g., look, flavor) but also as a solution for cigarettes' shortcomings (e.g., bad smell). While the advertisements include messages about problems posed by cigarettes, proposing e-cigarettes as a solution may decrease the perceived risks of smoking among never-smokers. It may also not be clear to adolescents whether advertisements are for cigarettes or e-cigarettes. Regulating e-cigarette advertisements to minimize adolescents' exposure may prevent potential harmful effects on never-smokers' perception of smoking.
| S-EPMC5999542 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This study assessed how electronic cigarette (ECIG) characteristics amenable to regulation-namely nicotine content, flavor, and modified risk messages-impact ECIG use susceptibility, harm/addiction perceptions, and abuse liability indices among combustible tobacco cigarette (CTC) smokers and non-smokers. CTC smokers and non-smokers varying in ECIG use recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) completed an online survey in 2016 (analytic n = 706). Participants were randomly assigned to one of eight conditions differing in ECIG characteristics: nicotine content (no, low, high), flavor (menthol, tobacco, fruit), or modified risk message (reduced harm, reduced carcinogen exposure). Regressions assessed ECIG susceptibility, harm/addiction perceptions, and abuse liability indices (purchase task measures of breakpoint/intensity) within each regulatory domain (nicotine content, flavor, message) and their interactions with CTC/ECIG status. Differential effects on ECIG susceptibility, harm/addiction perceptions, and abuse liability indices were observed by regulatory domain with many effects moderated by CTC/ECIG status. ECIG nicotine content and flavor conditions were the most influential across outcomes. Greater nicotine content, tobacco-flavored and reduced carcinogen exposure ECIGs were more highly preferred by CTC smokers with some differing preferences for non-users. Findings reinforce consideration of discrete ECIG preferences across tobacco use status to improve regulatory efficacy.
| S-EPMC6572235 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ImportancePopulation-level health outcomes associated with e-cigarettes depend in part on the association between e-cigarettes and combustible cigarette cessation. The US Food and Drug Administration has authority to regulate e-cigarette characteristics, including flavor and device type.ObjectiveTo investigate whether e-cigarette characteristics are associated with cigarette cessation behaviors among adults in the US population who use e-cigarettes.Design, setting, and participantsThis cohort study was conducted using longitudinal data collected in 2014 to 2021 by the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, a population-based, US nationally representative study. Participants were sampled from the civilian noninstitutionalized population using a 4-staged, stratified sampling design. Data were weighted and analyzed from 1985 adults ages 21 or older who smoked cigarettes daily and had used e-cigarettes in the past 30 days. Data were analyzed in May 2021 to May 2024.ExposuresThe following e-cigarette characteristics were assessed: use frequency (daily and nondaily), flavor type (tobacco, menthol or mint, sweet, and combination), device type (disposable, cartridge, and tank), and year of data collection as a proxy for the evolving e-cigarette marketplace.Main outcomes and measuresThe following cigarette cessation behaviors were assessed: making a cigarette quit attempt, cigarette cessation among individuals who made a quit attempt, and overall cigarette discontinuation regardless of quit attempts. Associations were evaluated between e-cigarette characteristics (assessed at baseline in 1 approach and assessed at follow-up in another approach) and cigarette cessation outcomes, controlling for demographic, cigarette smoking, and other e-cigarette use characteristics.ResultsThe study sample consisted of 1985 participants representing adults in the population (mean age, 40.0 years [95% CI, 39.2-40.9 years]; 49.4% [95% CI, 46.3%-52.6%] male; 11.4% [95% CI, 9.6%-13.4%] Black, 80.7% [95% CI, 77.8%-83.3%] White, and 8.0% [95% CI, 6.3%-10.0%] other race; 9.2% [95% CI, 7.5%-11.2%] Hispanic). Daily vs nondaily e-cigarette use was associated with greater overall cigarette discontinuation rates (12.8% [95% CI, 9.1%-17.7%] vs 6.1% [95% CI, 4.8%-7.7%]; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.26 [95% CI, 1.34-3.81]), and use of e-cigarettes in 2019 to 2021 vs 2014-2015 to 2015-2016 was also associated with greater overall cigarette discontinuation rates (12.0% [95% CI, 8.8%-16.0%] vs 5.3% [95% CI, 2.9%-9.3%]; aOR, 2.75 [95% CI, 1.13-6.67]). Use of menthol or mint vs tobacco flavor e-cigarettes was associated with greater overall cigarette discontinuation rates (9.2% [95% CI, 6.6%-12.8%] vs 4.7% [95% CI, 3.0%-7.1%]; aOR, 2.63 [95% CI, 1.32-5.27]) only when assessing e-cigarette use at baseline. E-cigarette device type was not associated with cigarette discontinuation rates in adjusted analyses.Conclusions and relevanceIn this study, daily e-cigarette use and use of e-cigarettes in 2019 to 2021 were consistently associated with greater cigarette discontinuation rates. These findings suggest that research focused on e-cigarettes marketed in recent years is needed to inform product regulation and public health policy decisions.
| S-EPMC11294961 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThere is considerable debate about the benefits and risks of electronic cigarettes (ECs). To better understand the risk-benefit ratio of ECs, more information is needed about net nicotine consumption and toxicant exposure of cigarette smokers switching to ECs.MethodsForty cigarette smokers (?1 year of smoking) interested in switching to ECs but not necessarily quitting smoking were enrolled in a 4-week observational study and provided an e-Go C non-variable battery and refillable atomizers and choice of eight flavors in 12 or 24 mg nicotine dosage. Measurement of urinary cotinine (metabolite of nicotine), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL; a pulmonary carcinogen), and eight volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are toxic tobacco smoke constituents was conducted at baseline and week 4.ResultsAll participants with follow-up data (92.5%) reported using the study EC. Of the 40 smokers, 16 reported no cigarettes at week 2 (40%) and six continued to report no cigarettes at week 4 (15%). Change in nicotine intake over the 4 weeks was non-significant (p = .90). Carbon monoxide (p < .001), NNAL (p < .01) and metabolites of benzene (p < .01) and acrylonitrile (p = .001) were significantly decreased in the study sample. Smokers switching exclusively to ECs for at least half of the study period demonstrated significant reductions in metabolites of ethylene oxide (p = .03) and acrylamide (p < .01).ConclusionSmokers using ECs over 4 weeks maintained cotinine levels and experienced significant reductions in carbon monoxide, NNAL, and two out of eight measured VOC metabolites. Those who switched exclusively to ECs for at least half of the study period significantly reduced two additional VOCs.ImplicationsThis study extends current literature by measuring change in smoking dependence and disease-associated biomarkers, NNAL and a panel of eight common VOCs that are toxic tobacco smoke constituents in smokers who switch to ECs. The findings support the idea of harm reduction, however some levels of toxicant exposure are still of clinical concern, particularly for dual users. Extrapolation of these results must be careful to separate the different toxic exposure results for exclusive switchers versus dual cigarette + EC users, and not to equate harm reduction with the idea that using ECs is harmless.
| S-EPMC6251645 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:From among the global public health concerns, smoking remains one of the most crucial challenges. Especially for adolescents, the increase in the use of electronic cigarettes is controversial, as its use may lead to established smoking. In Japan, where a unique tobacco regulation system exists, the heat-not-burn tobacco market has been growing. However, the prevalence and association of combustible cigarettes and new tobacco-related products have not yet been closely investigated among Japanese adolescents. This study aimed to clarify the prevalence of smoking among adolescents, including new types of tobacco-related products, and to compare the characteristics of their users. METHODS:The 2017 Lifestyle Survey of Adolescents is a nationally-representative survey collected in Japan. From the national school directory, 98 junior high schools and 86 high schools were randomly sampled throughout Japan. The students completed an anonymous questionnaire at school. We calculated the prevalence of use for each type of tobacco product. Then, the use of a combination of products and the characteristics of different types of products were examined. RESULTS:In total, 64,152 students from 48 junior high schools and 55 high schools were included the analysis (school response rate?=?56%, Mage?=?15.7?years, 53.9% boys). The age-adjusted rate of ever (current) use of electronic cigarettes was 2.1% (0.7%) in junior high school and 3.5% (1.0%) in high school; that of combustible cigarettes was 2.6% (0.6%) in junior high school and 5.1% (1.5%) in high school. The rate of heat-not-burn tobacco use was lower relative to other products: 1.1% (0.5%) in junior high school and 2.2% (0.9%) in high school. An examination of the combined use of the three products identified a high number of dual users. Comparisons between different types of users indicated different backgrounds for combustible cigarette users and new product users. CONCLUSIONS:The prevalence of new tobacco-alternative products is growing in popularity among Japanese adolescents. Dual use is common, and many adolescents use new products only. Moreover, e-cigarettes might attract a broader range of groups to smoking. Continuous monitoring and research are needed to investigate their influence as a possible gateway to tobacco smoking.
| S-EPMC7240931 | biostudies-literature
Project description:E-cigarettes are the most popular tobacco product among youth. Although harm perceptions have been linked to youth e-cigarette use, little research focuses on vulnerable populations, such as Appalachian youth. This study examines associations between e-cigarette harm perceptions and tobacco use among a sample of Appalachian youth. Using data from the 2014-2016 Youth Appalachian Tobacco Study (n=1074), distributions of six e-cigarette harm perceptions by tobacco use (never, ever non-e-cigarette, ever e-cigarette) were examined, and multivariable multinomial logistic regression was used. Nearly one-fourth (23.4%) of the sample were ever e-cigarette users. More e-cigarette users were male (53.4%) and in high school (57.0%). Fewer e-cigarette users strongly agreed that e-cigarettes cause health problems (15.1%), breathing problems (20.3%), and oral health problems (18.7%) and that e-cigarettes are addictive (25.1%), compared to never and non-e-cigarette users. More e-cigarette users strongly agreed (32.3%) that e-cigarettes are healthier alternatives to cigarettes compared to never (24.1%) and non-e-cigarette (25.7%) users. Regression models indicate that e-cigarette users had greater odds of strongly disagreeing with e-cigarettes being harmful or addictive, compared to never users. E-cigarette users had approximately six-fold odds of strongly disagreeing with e-cigarettes causing health problems (OR=6.12; 95% CI: 3.16-11.90) and two times greater odds of disagreeing with e-cigarettes being addictive (OR=2.09; 95% CI: 1.07-4.08) compared to never users. Appalachian youth ever e-cigarette users perceive e-cigarettes as less harmful and less addictive compared to never users. Better informing youth, especially youth tobacco users, of the harms associated with e-cigarettes is vital.
| S-EPMC8411871 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundE-cigarettes (electronic nicotine delivery system, ENDS) have been presented as a harm reduction strategy for people who smoke tobacco cigarettes but who cannot achieve abstinence, or for those who wish to continue to enjoy nicotine and the habit of smoking. What are the health effects of the substitution of ENDS for tobacco cigarettes? This systematic review evaluates the evidence of human clinical tests on the respiratory effects of ENDS use in participants who smoke tobacco cigarettes.MethodsA registered and published protocol was developed conforming to PRISMA 2020 and AMSTAR2 standards. The literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and the CENTRAL Cochrane Library and updated to May 2022. Three supplementary searches and a grey literature search were performed. Studies were evaluated with the JBI quality tools and the Oxford Catalogue of Bias. Due to the heterogeneity (diversity) of the studies, a narrative data synthesis was performed on the test findings plus three sub-group analyses.ResultsThe review consists of sixteen studies and twenty publications. Spirometry tests comprised the majority of the data. In total, 66 respiratory test measurements were reported, out of which 43 (65%) were not significant. Statistically significant findings were mixed, with 9 tests showing improvements and 14 measuring declines, none of which was clinically relevant. Ten studies were rated at a high risk of bias, and six had some concerns primarily due to inadequate research designs and the conduct of the studies. Reporting bias was documented in thirteen studies.ConclusionsMost of the studies showed no difference in respiratory parameters. This indicates that ENDS substitution for smoking likely does not result in additional harm to respiratory health. Due to the low quality of the studies, confidence in the conclusions is rated as low. Robust studies with a longer duration and sufficient power are required to validate any potential benefits or possible harms of ENDS substitution. Registration PROSPERO #CRD42021239094, International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/29084.
| S-EPMC10552385 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Family history of tobacco use and use of e-cigarettes have both been associated with increased tobacco use among young adults. However, to our knowledge, these variables have not been considered simultaneously. This study was designed to evaluate the hypothesis that family history of tobacco use would predict tobacco product use over time among young adult e-cigarette users with limited combustible tobacco use experience. A sample of 124 participants were recruited online from across the United States, completed five surveys over 12 months, and reported use of nicotine and tobacco products over the previous two weeks at each survey. Family history of nicotine and tobacco use was reported at the 6-month assessment, and data were collected in 2017 and 2018. Regression models indicated that family history was associated with likelihood of cigarette use (odds ratio = 1.02 [95% confidence interval = [1.00, 1.04]). Significant interactions between family history and linear (OR = 1.05 [1.01, 1.10]) and quadratic (OR = 0.99 (0.98, 1.00)] time terms indicated that the association between family history and likelihood of combustible product use shifted over time. In both cases, more extensive family histories predicted greater use frequency, and follow-up analyses showed that more extensive family history was associated with greater combustible tobacco product use 3, 6, and 9 months following baseline. Family history of nicotine/tobacco use may promote initiation of tobacco use among e-cigarette users. These results suggest family history of tobacco use may comprise a risk factor for combustible tobacco use within the evolving tobacco product landscape.
| S-EPMC6593230 | biostudies-literature
Project description:INTRODUCTION:Because of the rapidly increasing use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), this study aimed to investigate the individual characteristics and state-level prevalence of U.S. adults who have switched to e-cigarettes from traditional cigarettes. METHODS:Data from the 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 National Adult Tobacco Surveys were analyzed in 2016. Relative percent change in switching was estimated, and the state-specific prevalence of adults who switched to e-cigarettes from traditional cigarettes was calculated and mapped. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to examine how switching varied by sociodemographic subgroups and region. RESULTS:Overall, the number of individuals who switched from traditional cigarettes to e-cigarettes increased by approximately 100% over the 1-year interval. Significant increases were found among a number of sociodemographics and regions. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that young adults and those living in the South and West were more likely to switch to e-cigarettes, compared to former smokers who did not switch. Compared with current dual users, those with higher education and those who were not single were more likely to switch to e-cigarettes. The state with the highest prevalence of switching was New Mexico (7.3%), whereas Connecticut had the lowest prevalence (0.8 %) among former smokers. CONCLUSIONS:There is an increase in the progression from traditional cigarette use to e-cigarette use. Further research is warranted to determine whether this change continues and facilitates cigarette smoking cessation as a possible public health benefit and opportunity to save lives rather than constitutes a potential threat to public health.
| S-EPMC5983046 | biostudies-literature