Dataset Information

Understanding the effect of temperature and time on protein degree of hydrolysis and lipid oxidation during ensilaging of herring (Clupea harengus) filleting co-products.

ABSTRACT: The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of temperature, time and stirring on changes in protein degree of hydrolysis (DH), free amino acids (FAA), lipid oxidation and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) during ensilaging of herring (Clupea harengus) filleting co-products. Results showed that temperature and time, and in some cases the interaction effect between these two factors, significantly influenced all the studied responses. Increasing ensilaging temperature and time from 17 to 37?°C and 3 to 7 days, respectively, increased DH, FAA, and TVB-N content from 44.41 to 77.28%, 25.31 to 51.04?mg/g, and 4.73 to 26.25?mg/100?g, respectively. The lipid oxidation marker 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) did not increase with time at temperatures above 22?°C, while 2-pentylfuran increased up to 37?°C. Based on the process parameters and responses investigated in this study, and considering energy requirements, it was suggested to perform ensilaging at ambient temperatures (i.e. around 20?°C) with continuous stirring at 10?rpm for 1-3 days; the exact length being determined by the desired DH.

SUBMITTER: Sajib M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7293326 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Understanding the effect of temperature and time on protein degree of hydrolysis and lipid oxidation during ensilaging of herring (Clupea harengus) filleting co-products.

Sajib Mursalin M Albers Eva E Langeland Markus M Undeland Ingrid I

Scientific reports 20200612 1

The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of temperature, time and stirring on changes in protein degree of hydrolysis (DH), free amino acids (FAA), lipid oxidation and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) during ensilaging of herring (Clupea harengus) filleting co-products. Results showed that temperature and time, and in some cases the interaction effect between these two factors, significantly influenced all the studied responses. Increasing ensilaging temperature and time from 1 ...[more]

PMID: 32533006

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Project description:The introduction of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) has revolutionised population genetics, providing studies of non-model species with unprecedented genomic coverage, allowing evolutionary biologists to address questions previously far beyond the reach of available resources. Furthermore, the simple mutation model of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) permits cost-effective high-throughput genotyping in thousands of individuals simultaneously. Genomic resources are scarce for the Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus), a small pelagic species that sustains high revenue fisheries. This paper details the development of 578 SNPs using a combined NGS and high-throughput genotyping approach. Eight individuals covering the species distribution in the eastern Atlantic were bar-coded and multiplexed into a single cDNA library and sequenced using the 454 GS FLX platform. SNP discovery was performed by de novo sequence clustering and contig assembly, followed by the mapping of reads against consensus contig sequences. Selection of candidate SNPs for genotyping was conducted using an in silico approach. SNP validation and genotyping were performed simultaneously using an Illumina 1,536 GoldenGate assay. Although the conversion rate of candidate SNPs in the genotyping assay cannot be predicted in advance, this approach has the potential to maximise cost and time efficiencies by avoiding expensive and time-consuming laboratory stages of SNP validation. Additionally, the in silico approach leads to lower ascertainment bias in the resulting SNP panel as marker selection is based only on the ability to design primers and the predicted presence of intron-exon boundaries. Consequently SNPs with a wider spectrum of minor allele frequencies (MAFs) will be genotyped in the final panel. The genomic resources presented here represent a valuable multi-purpose resource for developing informative marker panels for population discrimination, microarray development and for population genomic studies in the wild.

Project description:The Atlantic herring Clupea harengus L has a vast geographical distribution and a complex population structure with a few very large migratory units and many small local populations. Each population has its own spawning ground and/or time, thereby maintaining their genetic integrity. Several herring populations migrate between common feeding grounds and over-wintering areas resulting in frequent mixing of populations. Thus, many herring fisheries are based on mixed populations of different demographic status. In order to avoid over-exploitation of weak populations and to conserve biodiversity, understanding the population structure and population mixing is important for maintaining biologically sustainable herring fisheries. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic population structure of herring in the Faroese and surrounding waters, and to develop genetic markers for distinguishing between four herring management units (often called stocks), namely the Norwegian spring-spawning herring (NSSH), Icelandic summer-spawning herring (ISSH), North Sea autumn-spawning herring (NSAH), and Faroese autumn-spawning herring (FASH). Herring from the four stocks were sequenced at low coverage, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were called and used for population structure analysis and individual assignment. An ancestry-informative SNP panel with 118 SNPs was developed and tested on 240 individuals. The results showed that all four stocks appeared to be genetically differentiated populations, but at lower levels of differentiation between FASH and ISSH than the other two populations. Overall assignment rate with the SNP panel was 80.7%, and agreement between the genetic and traditional visual assignment was 75.5%. The NSAH and NSSH samples had the highest assignment rate (100% and 98.3%, respectively) and highest agreement between traditional and genetic assignment methods (96.6% and 94.9%, respectively). The FASH and ISSH samples had substantially lower assignment rates (72.9% and 51.7%, respectively) and agreement between traditional and genetic methods (39.5% and 48.4%, respectively).

Dataset Information

Understanding the effect of temperature and time on protein degree of hydrolysis and lipid oxidation during ensilaging of herring (Clupea harengus) filleting co-products.

Publications

Understanding the effect of temperature and time on protein degree of hydrolysis and lipid oxidation during ensilaging of herring (Clupea harengus) filleting co-products.

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