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Ancient genomes from present-day France unveil 7,000 years of its demographic history.

ABSTRACT: Genomic studies conducted on ancient individuals across Europe have revealed how migrations have contributed to its present genetic landscape, but the territory of present-day France has yet to be connected to the broader European picture. We generated a large dataset comprising the complete mitochondrial genomes, Y-chromosome markers, and genotypes of a number of nuclear loci of interest of 243 individuals sampled across present-day France over a period spanning 7,000 y, complemented with a partially overlapping dataset of 58 low-coverage genomes. This panel provides a high-resolution transect of the dynamics of maternal and paternal lineages in France as well as of autosomal genotypes. Parental lineages and genomic data both revealed demographic patterns in France for the Neolithic and Bronze Age transitions consistent with neighboring regions, first with a migration wave of Anatolian farmers followed by varying degrees of admixture with autochthonous hunter-gatherers, and then substantial gene flow from individuals deriving part of their ancestry from the Pontic steppe at the onset of the Bronze Age. Our data have also highlighted the persistence of Magdalenian-associated ancestry in hunter-gatherer populations outside of Spain and thus provide arguments for an expansion of these populations at the end of the Paleolithic Period more northerly than what has been described so far. Finally, no major demographic changes were detected during the transition between the Bronze and Iron Ages.

SUBMITTER: Brunel S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7293694 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Ancient genomes from present-day France unveil 7,000 years of its demographic history.

Brunel Samantha S Bennett E Andrew EA Cardin Laurent L Garraud Damien D Barrand Emam Hélène H Beylier Alexandre A Boulestin Bruno B Chenal Fanny F Ciesielski Elsa E Convertini Fabien F Dedet Bernard B Desbrosse-Degobertiere Stéphanie S Desenne Sophie S Dubouloz Jerôme J Duday Henri H Escalon Gilles G Fabre Véronique V Gailledrat Eric E Gandelin Muriel M Gleize Yves Y Goepfert Sébastien S Guilaine Jean J Hachem Lamys L Ilett Michael M Lambach François F Maziere Florent F Perrin Bertrand B Plouin Suzanne S Pinard Estelle E Praud Ivan I Richard Isabelle I Riquier Vincent V Roure Réjane R Sendra Benoit B Thevenet Corinne C Thiol Sandrine S Vauquelin Elisabeth E Vergnaud Luc L Grange Thierry T Geigl Eva-Maria EM Pruvost Melanie M

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20200526 23

Genomic studies conducted on ancient individuals across Europe have revealed how migrations have contributed to its present genetic landscape, but the territory of present-day France has yet to be connected to the broader European picture. We generated a large dataset comprising the complete mitochondrial genomes, Y-chromosome markers, and genotypes of a number of nuclear loci of interest of 243 individuals sampled across present-day France over a period spanning 7,000 y, complemented with a par ...[more]

PMID: 32457149

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Project description:BackgroundThe demographic history of South and Southeast Asia (S&SEA) is complex and contentious, with multiple waves of human migration. Some of the earliest footfalls were of the ancestors of modern Austroasiatic (AA) language speakers. Understanding the history of the AA language family, comprising of over 150 languages and their speakers distributed across broad geographical region in isolated small populations of various sizes, can help shed light on the peopling of S&SEA. Here we investigated the genetic relatedness of two AA groups, their relationship with other ethno-linguistically distinct populations, and the relationship of these groups with ancient genomes of individuals living in S&SEA at different time periods, to infer about the demographic history of this region.ResultsWe analyzed 1451 extant genomes, 189 AAs from India and Malaysia, and 43 ancient genomes from S&SEA. Population structure analysis reveals neither language nor geography appropriately correlates with genetic diversity. The inconsistency between "language and genetics" or "geography and genetics" can largely be attributed to ancient admixture with East Asian populations. We estimated a pre-Neolithic origin of AA language speakers, with shared ancestry between Indian and Malaysian populations until about 470 generations ago, contesting the existing model of Neolithic expansion of the AA culture. We observed a spatio-temporal transition in the genetic ancestry of SEA with genetic contribution from East Asia significantly increasing in the post-Neolithic period.ConclusionOur study shows that contrary to assumptions in many previous studies and despite having linguistic commonality, Indian AAs have a distinct genomic structure compared to Malaysian AAs. This linguistic-genetic discordance is reflective of the complex history of population migration and admixture shaping the genomic landscape of S&SEA. We postulate that pre-Neolithic ancestors of today's AAs were widespread in S&SEA, and the fragmentation and dissipation of the population have largely been a resultant of multiple migrations of East Asian farmers during the Neolithic period. It also highlights the resilience of AAs in continuing to speak their language in spite of checkered population distribution and possible dominance from other linguistic groups.

Dataset Information

Ancient genomes from present-day France unveil 7,000 years of its demographic history.

Publications

Ancient genomes from present-day France unveil 7,000 years of its demographic history.

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