Dataset Information

The Clinical Significance of High Antimicrobial Resistance in Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) affect up to 150 million individuals annually worldwide, mainly due to Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella. The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are increasing, representing one of the biggest threats for human health. The objective of our study was to describe antimicrobial patterns of resistance and identify risk factors associated with MDR uropathogens.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study in 296 patients with community-acquired UTI who underwent clinical and microbiologic analysis, and clinical associations to MDR uropathogens were investigated. Findings. Microbiological analysis included E. coli (55%), ESBL-E. coli (26%), Enterococcus (6%), Klebsiella (5%), and others (8%). Higher frequencies of MDR bacteria were found among ESBL-E. coli, with resistance to ampicillin (100%), ceftriaxone (96%), gentamicin (57%), ciprofloxacin (89%), and TMP/SMX (53%). However, they were sensitive to fosfomycin (6.6%), nitrofurantoin (1.3%), and carbapenems (0%). Fosfomycin MIC90 for ESBL-E. coli was 5.78??g/mL. The only clinical variable with significant association to ESBL producers was the presence of comorbidities: hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus with an OR (95%CI) of 2.5(1.3 - 4.9)(p < 0.01) and 2.8(1.2 - 6.7)(p < 0.05), respectively.

Conclusions

In the majority of cases, resistance rates to commonly prescribed antimicrobials in UTIs were high, except for fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin, and carbapenems. To provide appropriate treatment, both the identification of risk factors and the uropathogen would be important. An active surveillance in UTIs in the community is required since the proportion of ESBL producers is increasing.

SUBMITTER: Zavala-Cerna MG

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7293720 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

The Clinical Significance of High Antimicrobial Resistance in Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections.

Zavala-Cerna Maria G MG Segura-Cobos Midrori M Gonzalez Ricardo R Zavala-Trujillo Isidro G IG Navarro-Perez Silvia F SF Rueda-Cruz Jose A JA Satoscoy-Tovar Fernando A FA

The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale 20200604

<h4>Background</h4>Urinary tract infections (UTIs) affect up to 150 million individuals annually worldwide, mainly due to <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) and <i>Klebsiella</i>. The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are increasing, representing one of the biggest threats for human health. The objective of our study was to describe antimicrobial patterns of resistance and identify risk factors associated with MDR uropathogens.<h4>Methods</h4>We conducted a cross-s ...[more]

PMID: 32566057

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Project description:Urinary tract infection (UTI) accounts for a significant morbidity and mortality across the world and is a leading cause for antibiotic prescriptions in the community especially in developing countries. Empirical choice of antibiotics for treatment of UTI is often discordant with the drug susceptibility of the etiologic agent. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of community-acquired UTI caused by antibiotic resistant organisms. This was a cross-sectional study where urine samples were prospectively collected from 4,500 patients at the icddr,b diagnostic clinic in Dhaka, Bangladesh during 2016-2018. Urine samples were analyzed by standard culture method and the isolated bacteria were tested for antibiotic susceptibility by using disc diffusion method and VITEK-2. Descriptive statistics were used to estimate the prevalence of community acquired UTI (CA-UTI) by different age groups, sex, and etiology of infection. Relationship between the etiology of CA-UTI and age and sex of patients was analyzed using binary logistic regression analysis. Seasonal trends in the prevalence of CA-UTI, multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens and MDR Escherichia coli were also analyzed. Around 81% of patients were adults (≥18y). Of 3,200 (71%) urine samples with bacterial growth, 920 (29%) had a bacterial count of ≥1.0x105 CFU/ml indicating UTI. Women were more likely to have UTI compared to males (OR: 1.48, CI: 1.24-1.76). E. coli (51.6%) was the predominant causative pathogen followed by Streptococcus spp. (15.7%), Klebsiella spp. (12.1%), Enterococcus spp. (6.4%), Pseudomonas spp. (4.4%), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. (2.0%), and other pathogens (7.8%). Both E. coli and Klebsiella spp. were predominantly resistant to penicillin (85%, 95%, respectively) followed by macrolide (70%, 76%), third-generation cephalosporins (69%, 58%), fluoroquinolones (69%, 53%) and carbapenem (5%, 9%). Around 65% of patients tested positive for multi-drug resistant (MDR) uropathogens. A higher number of male patients tested positive for MDR pathogens compared to the female patients (p = 0.015). Overall, 71% of Gram-negative and 46% of Gram-positive bacteria were MDR. The burden of community-acquired UTI caused by MDR organisms was high among the study population. The findings of the study will guide clinicians to be more selective about their antibiotic choice for empirical treatment of UTI and alleviate misuse/overuse of antibiotics in the community.

Dataset Information

The Clinical Significance of High Antimicrobial Resistance in Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections.

Background

Methods

Conclusions

Publications

The Clinical Significance of High Antimicrobial Resistance in Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections.

Similar Datasets

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