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Effects of a Health Education and Research Participation Enhancement Program on Participation and Autonomy in Diverse Older Adults.

ABSTRACT: Social engagement and autonomy are vital for life satisfaction among older adults. We measured multiple domains of social participation and autonomy in 120 adults over age 55 years that were part of an educational program at pretest, posttest, and follow-up. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed for differences between Black and White participants. White participants reported worse engagement in the family role domain and a lower Total Participation Score at posttest than pretest; however, scores returned to baseline levels by follow-up. Black participants reported better levels of participation in the social relationship domain at follow-up than at pretest. We found no evidence of qualitative differences between racial groups. Barriers to social participation and autonomy included challenges related to health, ageism, transportation, and mobility. Adequate housing, social support, socialization, and perception of individual utility contributed to feeling independent. Educational programs for older adults may provide an opportunity for increased social participation.

SUBMITTER: Bay AA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7294373 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jan-Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effects of a Health Education and Research Participation Enhancement Program on Participation and Autonomy in Diverse Older Adults.

Bay Allison A AA Prizer Lindsay L Orusa Ahauve A Hart Ariel R AR Perkins Molly M MM Hackney Madeleine E ME

Gerontology & geriatric medicine 20200101

Social engagement and autonomy are vital for life satisfaction among older adults. We measured multiple domains of social participation and autonomy in 120 adults over age 55 years that were part of an educational program at pretest, posttest, and follow-up. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed for differences between Black and White participants. White participants reported worse engagement in the family role domain and a lower Total Participation Score at posttest than pretest; howe ...[more]

PMID: 32587881

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Project description:Undergraduate subject pools are prevalent across disciplines in the United States. The Health Education Research Experience (HERE) Program was the first known course-based subject pool entirely managed and conducted online for online students enrolled in an introductory health education/health promotion course. The program was conducted within five semesters from Spring 2012 through Summer 2013. The HERE Program encompassed 13 studies embedded in two sections of an undergraduate online course at the University of Florida. The studies were all related to course topics and current research topics in health education/promotion (as identified through the Healthy People 2020 Framework). The topics ranged from the relatively less sensitive health aspects of college life (i.e., technology use) to studies assessing more sensitive health topics (i.e., intimate partner violence and sexual assault). In alignment with a best practice in survey design, the HERE Program's survey instruments included one metadata item embedded in each survey to identify which devices students used to complete the surveys. Understanding which devices students used for survey completion has ramifications for survey designers and survey researchers. In contrast to the relative uniformity of pen and paper surveys and control of the survey completion environment, online surveys may not look identical across personal devices and may be completed in increasingly varied environments. All studies, study procedures and protocols, and metadata collection procedures were approved by the university's Institutional Review Board. The data presented here were extracted from each survey's data files and aggregated. The aggregated metadata are available through Mendeley Data in a.csv file for widespread access. Descriptive statistics are presented in tables. The data provided in this article will benefit researchers interested in survey methodology, questionnaire design, modes of survey collection, and survey metadata. The data are hosted in the following Mendeley Data repository: https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/ht9jmd3cdt/2.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Healthcare services are being increasingly digitalised in European countries. However, in studies evaluating digital health technology, some people are less likely to participate than others, e.g. those who are older, those with a lower level of education and those with poorer digital skills. Such non-participation in research - deriving from the processes of non-recruitment of targeted individuals and self-selection - can be a driver of old-age exclusion from new digital health technologies. We aim to introduce, discuss and test an instrument to measure non-participation in digital health studies, in particular, the process of self-selection. METHODS:Based on a review of the relevant literature, we designed an instrument - the NPART survey questionnaire - for the analysis of self-selection, covering five thematic areas: socioeconomic factors, self-rated health and subjective overall quality of life, social participation, time resources, and digital skills and use of technology. The instrument was piloted on 70 older study persons in Sweden, approached during the recruitment process for a trial study. RESULTS:Results indicated that participants, as compared to decliners, were on average slightly younger and more educated, and reported better memory, higher social participation, and higher familiarity with and greater use of digital technologies. Overall, the survey questionnaire was able to discriminate between participants and decliners on the key aspects investigated, along the lines of the relevant literature. CONCLUSIONS:The NPART survey questionnaire can be applied to characterise non-participation in digital health research, in particular, the process of self-selection. It helps to identify underrepresented groups and their needs. Data generated from such an investigation, combined with hospital registry data on non-recruitment, allows for the implementation of improved sampling strategies, e.g. focused recruitment of underrepresented groups, and for the post hoc adjustment of results generated from biased samples, e.g. weighting procedures.

Project description:BackgroundThe Cardiovascular Health Awareness Program (CHAP) is as a community-based cardiovascular disease prevention program recently adapted to target older adults living in 14 social housing buildings in Ontario (7) and Quebec (7). Social network analysis (SNA) has been used successfully to assess and strengthen participation in health promotion programs. We applied SNA methods to investigate whether interpersonal relationships among residents within buildings influenced their participation in CHAP.MethodsOur aim was to examine relational dynamics in two social housing buildings in Quebec with low and high CHAP attendance rates, respectively. We used sociometric questionnaires and network analysis for the quantitative phase of the study, supplemented by a phase of qualitative interviews. All residents of both buildings were eligible for the sociometric questionnaire. Respondents for the qualitative interviews were purposively selected to represent the different attendance situations following the principle of content saturation.ResultsIn total, 69 residents participated in the study, 37 through sociometric questionnaires and 32 in qualitative interviews. Of the latter, 10 attended almost all CHAP sessions, 10 attended once, and 12 attended none. Results of the quantitative analysis phase identified well-known and appreciated local leaders. In Building 1, which had a high attendance rate (34.3%), there was a main leader (in-degree or 'named by others' frequency 23.2%) who had attended all CHAP sessions. In Building 2, which had a low attendance rate (23.9%), none of the leaders had attended CHAP sessions. Results of the qualitative analysis phase showed that residents who did not attend CHAP sessions (or other activities in the building) generally preferred to avoid conflicts, vindictiveness, and gossip and did not want to get involved in clans and politics within their building.ConclusionWe identified four potential strategies to increase attendance at CHAP sessions by residents of subsidized housing for older adults: strengthen confidentiality for those attending the sessions; use community peer networks to enhance recruitment; pair attendees to increase the likelihood of participation; and intervene through opinion leaders or bridging individuals.

Dataset Information

Effects of a Health Education and Research Participation Enhancement Program on Participation and Autonomy in Diverse Older Adults.

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Effects of a Health Education and Research Participation Enhancement Program on Participation and Autonomy in Diverse Older Adults.

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