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Prepregnancy Fat Free Mass and Associations to Glucose Metabolism Before and During Pregnancy.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE:Our aim was to quantify the individual contribution of prepregnancy (PP) fat-free mass (FFM), expressed as [PP-FFM index (PP-FFMI) = FFM (kg)/height (m2)], on markers of glucose homeostasis before and during pregnancy. METHODS:Body composition was assessed in 43 women before pregnancy using air-displacement plethysmography. Blood was drawn at PP and gestational weeks ?8 and 30. Relationships between body composition (independent) variables and glucose homeostasis (dependent) variables were assessed using adjusted correlations and simple and multiple linear regression analyses. RESULTS:PP-FFMI was the strongest predictor of plasma insulin concentration [squared partial correlation (Pr2) = 17, P = 0.007] and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) (Pr2 = 16, P = 0.010). At gestation week 30, PP-FFMI and gestational weight gain (GWG) were the strongest predictors of insulin concentration (PP-FFMI: Pr2 = 20, P = 0.010; GWG: Pr2 = 12, P = 0.052) and HOMA2-IR (PP-FFMI: Pr2 = 19, P = 0.012; GWG: Pr2 = 13, P = 0.045). After accounting for PP fat mass index (PP-FMI), PP-FFMI and GWG were independently associated with first-phase insulin response (PP-FFMI: Pr2 = 20, P = 0.009; GWG: Pr2 = 15, P = 0.025) and second-phase insulin response (PP-FFMI: Pr2 = 19, P = 0.011; GWG: Pr2 = 17, P = 0.016). PP-FMI was the strongest predictor of an oral glucose tolerance test?derived estimated metabolic clearance rate of glucose (PP-FMI: Pr2 = 14, P = 0.037) and estimated insulin sensitivity index (PP-FMI: Pr2 = 13, P = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS:PP-FFMI was a predictor of markers of glucose homeostasis before and during pregnancy. Studies assessing the effect of skeletal muscle quality on metabolic regulation during pregnancy are warranted.

SUBMITTER: Diaz EC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7296201 | biostudies-literature | 2019 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Obesity during pregnancy contributes to the development of metabolic disorders in offspring. Maternal exercise may limit gestational weight gain and ameliorate these programming effects. We previously showed benefits of post-weaning voluntary exercise in offspring from obese dams. Here we examined whether voluntary exercise during pregnancy influences lipid and glucose homeostasis in muscle and fat in offspring of both lean and obese dams. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed chow (C) or high fat (F) diet for 6 weeks before mating. Half underwent voluntary exercise (CE/FE) with a running wheel introduced 10 days prior to mating and available until the dams delivered; others remained sedentary (CS/FS). Male and female pups were killed at postnatal day (PND)19 and retroperitoneal fat and gastrocnemius muscle were collected for gene expression. Lean and obese dams achieved similar modest levels of exercise. At PND1, both male and female pups from exercised lean dams were significantly lighter (CE versus CS), with no effect in those from obese dams. At PND19, maternal obesity significantly increased offspring body weight and adiposity, with no effect of maternal exercise. Exercise significantly reduced insulin concentrations in males (CE/FE versus CS/FS), with reduced glucose in male FE pups. In males, maternal obesity significantly decreased muscle myogenic differentiation 1 (MYOD1) and glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) mRNA expressions (FS vs CS); these were normalized by exercise. Maternal exercise upregulated adipose GLUT4, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?), and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1?) mRNA expression in offspring of dams consuming chow. Modest voluntary exercise during pregnancy was associated with lower birth weight in pups from lean dams. Maternal exercise appeared to decrease the metabolic risk induced by maternal obesity, improving insulin/glucose metabolism, with greater effects in male than female offspring.

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Prepregnancy Fat Free Mass and Associations to Glucose Metabolism Before and During Pregnancy.

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