Linking Activity, Nutrition, and Child Health (LAUNCH): protocol for a longitudinal cohort study of children as they develop from infancy to preschool age.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Pate RR
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7296728 | biostudies-literature | 2020
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are mostly diagnosed around the age of 4-5 years, which is too late considering that the brain is most susceptive to interventions during the first two years of life. Currently, diagnosis of NDDs is based on observed behaviors and symptoms, but identification of objective biomarkers would allow for earlier screening. In this longitudinal study, we investigated the relationship between repetition and change detection responses measured using an EEG oddball task during the first year of life and at two years of age, and cognitive abilities and adaptive functioning during preschool years (4 years old). Identification of early biomarkers is challenging given that there is a lot of variability in developmental courses among young infants. Therefore, the second aim of this study is to assess whether brain growth is a factor of interindividual variability that influences repetition and change detection responses. To obtain variability in brain growth beyond the normative range, infants with macrocephaly were included in our sample. Thus, 43 normocephalic children and 20 macrocephalic children were tested. Cognitive abilities at preschool age were assessed with the WPPSI-IV and adaptive functioning was measured with the ABAS-II. Time-frequency analyses were conducted on the EEG data. Results indicated that repetition and change detection responses in the first year of life predict adaptive functioning at 4 years of age, independently of head circumference. Moreover, our findings suggested that brain growth explains variability in neural responses mostly in the first years of life, so that macrocephalic children did not display repetition suppression responses, while normocephalic children did. This longitudinal study demonstrates that the first year of life is an important period for the early screening of children at risk of developing NDDs.
| S-EPMC10282122 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo characterise the prevalence and persistence of anaemia among Samoan children over a 2-3-year period.DesignData were from two consecutive waves (2015 and 2017-2018) of the Ola Tuputupua'e 'Growing up' study. Anaemia (Hb < 11·0 or 11·5 g/dl for 2-4 and ≥ 5 years old, respectively) was considered 'transient' when it occurred at only one wave or 'persistent' if it was present at two consecutive waves. Child, maternal and household correlates of anaemia were examined using log-binomial and modified Poisson regressions.SettingEleven Samoan villages.ParticipantsMother-child pairs (n 257) recruited in 2015 and reassessed in 2017-2018.ResultsAnaemia prevalence was 33·9 % in 2015 and 28·0 % in 2017-2018; 35·6 % of cases identified in 2015 were persistent. Risk of anaemia at only one wave was lower among children who were older in 2015 (age 4 v. 2 years, adjusted relative risk (aRR) = 0·54, (95 % CI 0·35, 0·84), P = 0·007), had older mothers (≥ 40 v. 18-29 years, aRR = 0·61, (95 % CI 0·39, 0·95), P = 0·029) and had higher daily sodium intake (for every 100 mg/d, aRR = 0·97, (95 % CI 0·95, 0·99), P = 0·003) than children with no anaemia. Children whose anaemia persisted were more likely to have had a mother with anaemia (aRR = 2·13, (95 % CI 1·17, 3·89), P = 0·013) and had higher daily dietary iron intake (for every 10 mg/d, aRR = 4·69, (95 % CI 1·33, 16·49), P = 0·016) than those with no anaemia.ConclusionsAlongside broadly targeted prevention efforts, which are warranted given the moderate-high anaemia prevalence observed, specific attention should be paid to children with risk factors for persistent anaemia. Routine screening of children whose mothers have anaemia should be encouraged.
| S-EPMC8608721 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Little is known about the predictive validity and clinical significance of chronic irritability during early childhood. This prospective, longitudinal study examined associations of preschool chronic irritability with psychiatric disorders, functional impairment, and service use at age nine in a large community sample. METHODS:Four hundred and forty-six children were assessed at age three and again at age nine. Child psychopathology and functional impairment were assessed at age three with the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment (PAPA) with parents and at age nine with the Kiddie-Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS) with parents and children. Items from the PAPA were used to create a dimensional measure of chronic irritability at age three. At age nine, mothers, fathers, and youth completed the Child Depression Inventory (CDI) and the Screen for Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED). RESULTS:Chronic irritability at age three predicted any current and lifetime anxiety disorders at age nine, current and lifetime generalized anxiety disorder, and current separation anxiety, after controlling for baseline anxiety disorders. In addition, preschool irritability predicted increases in anxiety and disruptive behavior disorder symptoms on the K-SADS, and maternal and paternal reports of depressive and anxiety symptoms on the CDI and SCARED. Lastly, preschool irritability predicted greater functional impairment and outpatient treatment use, even after controlling for all psychiatric disorders at baseline. CONCLUSIONS:Findings underscore the central role of irritability in developmental psychopathology and support the importance of early detection and interventions targeting preschool irritability.
| S-EPMC4531384 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Obesity prevention in children offers a unique window of opportunity to establish healthful eating and physical activity behaviors to maintain a healthful body weight and avoid the adverse proximal and distal long-term health consequences of obesity. Given that obesity is the result of a complex interaction between biological, behavioral, family-based, and community environmental factors, intervention at multiple levels and across multiple settings is critical for both short- and long-term effectiveness. The Minnesota NET-Works (Now Everybody Together for Amazing and Healthful Kids) study is one of four obesity prevention and/or treatment trials that are part of the Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment (COPTR) Consortium. The goal of the NET-Works study is to evaluate an intervention that integrates home, community, primary care and neighborhood strategies to promote healthful eating, activity patterns, and body weight among low income, racially/ethnically diverse preschool-age children. Critical to the success of this intervention is the creation of linkages among the settings to support parents in making home environment and parenting behavior changes to foster healthful child growth. Five hundred racially/ethnically diverse, two-four year old children and their parent or primary caregiver will be randomized to the multi-component intervention or to a usual care comparison group for a three-year period. This paper describes the study design, measurement and intervention protocols, and statistical analysis plan for the NET-Works trial.
| S-EPMC4001736 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:New physical activity guidelines for children address all movement behaviors across the 24-h?day (physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep), but how each component relates to body composition when adjusted for the compositional nature of 24-h data is uncertain. AIMS:To i) describe 24-h movement behaviors from 1 to 5?years of age, ii) determine cross-sectional relationships with body mass index (BMI) z-score, iii) determine whether movement behaviors from 1 to 5?years of age predict body composition and bone health at 5?years. METHODS:24-h accelerometry data were collected in 380 children over 5-7?days at 1, 2, 3.5 and 5?years of age to determine the proportion of the day spent: sedentary (including wake after sleep onset), in light (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and asleep (including naps). BMI was determined at each age and a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan measured fat mass, bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) at 5?years of age. 24-h movement data were transformed into isometric log-ratio co-ordinates for multivariable regression analysis and effect sizes back-transformed. RESULTS:At age 1, children spent 49.6% of the 24-h?day asleep, 38.2% sedentary, 12.1% in LPA, and 0.1% in MVPA, with corresponding figures of 44.4, 33.8, 19.8 and 1.9% at 5?years of age. Compositional time use was only related significantly to BMI z-score at 3.5?years in cross-sectional analyses. A 10% increase in mean sleep time (65?min) was associated with a lower BMI z-score (estimated difference, -?0.25; 95% CI, -?0.42 to -?0.08), whereas greater time spent sedentary (10%, 47?min) or in LPA (10%, 29?min) were associated with higher BMI z-scores (0.12 and 0.08 respectively, both p?<?0.05). Compositional time use from 1 to 3.5?years was not related to future BMI z-score or percent fat. Although MVPA at 2 and 3.5?years was consistently associated with higher BMD and BMC at 5?years, actual differences were small. CONCLUSIONS:Considerable changes in compositional time use occur from 1 to 5?years of age, but there is little association with adiposity. Although early MVPA predicted better bone health, the differences observed had little clinical relevance. TRIAL REGISTRATION:ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00892983 .
| S-EPMC6260686 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo verify the relationship between sleep characteristics and motor development in low-birth-weight preterm infants during infancy and preschool years.MethodForty-one healthy preterm infants (<37 weeks' gestation) with low birth weight (≤1500 g) were assessed longitudinally at three different time points: at 6 months of corrected age, at 12 months of corrected age, and at 4-5 years of chronological age. At 6 and 12 months, motor development was assessed using the Denver Developmental Screening Test II and Alberta Infant Motor Scale, while sleep-related habits and disturbances were assessed using the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire. At 4-5 years, motor development was reassessed using the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory and sleep was reassessed using the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children. Correlations were performed using sleep quality as the predictor variable and motor development as the outcome variable.ResultsMost infants had suspected delay/atypical development at 6 and 12 months, with no difference between the scales (p = 1.000). Suspected delay/atypical development were associated with lateral sleep position (p = 0.004), greater number of nighttime awakenings (p = 0.008), and longer awake periods (p = 0.014) only at 6 months. At 4-5 years, the suspected delay/atypical development observed at 6 and 12 months disappeared.ConclusionsSleep quality correlated with delayed/atypical motor development in healthy preterm infants with low birth weight only at 6 months of corrected age, which did not appear to affect later development of motor skills.
| S-EPMC9432033 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Agriculture and food systems play a central role in nutrition by supplying nutritious, healthy and affordable foods. When integrated with nutrition education for behaviour change, agricultural interventions that supply diverse affordable foods from all food groups have great scope for improving young child and family diets. In 2014, process reviews were conducted in Cambodia and Malawi of food security projects that provided agricultural support and community-based nutrition education on improved infant and young child feeding (IYCF). In both countries, household visits were carried out with mothers/caregivers, and interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted with purposively selected project stakeholders (53 in Cambodia, 170 in Malawi), including government staff from the agriculture and health sectors. Results highlight that adoption of improved IYCF practices was facilitated by participation in nutrition education and practical cooking sessions, and supportive family and community structures. Barriers faced by families and caregivers were identified, such as women's workload and lack of access to high quality foods, namely fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts and animal source foods. Implementation challenges regarding coordination of cross-sectoral targeting strategies and capacities of extension services to sustain community-based IYCF nutrition education need to be addressed to improve programme effectiveness and impact. The project lessons from Cambodia and Malawi are useful for integrated agriculture-IYCF nutrition education programmes to help ensure better young child nutrition outcomes.
| S-EPMC6865961 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionThe Canadian Bronchiolitis Epinephrine Steroid Trial (CanBEST) and the Bronchiolitis Severity Cohort (BSC) study enrolled infants with bronchiolitis during the first year of life. The CanBEST trial suggested that treatment of infants with a combined therapy of high-dose corticosteroids and nebulised epinephrine reduced the risk of admission to hospital. Our study aims to-(1) quantify the risk of developing asthma by age 5 and 10 years in children treated with high-dose corticosteroid and epinephrine for bronchiolitis during infancy, (2) identify risk factors associated with development of asthma in children with bronchiolitis during infancy, (3) develop asthma prediction models for children diagnosed with bronchiolitis during infancy.Methods and analysisWe propose a longitudinal cohort study in which we will link data from the CanBEST and BSC study with routinely collected data from provincial health administrative databases. Our outcome is asthma incidence measured using a validated health administrative data algorithm. Primary exposure will be treatment with a combined therapy of high-dose corticosteroids and nebulised epinephrine for bronchiolitis. Covariates will include type of viral pathogen, disease severity, medication use, maternal, prenatal, postnatal and demographic factors and variables related to health service utilisation for acute lower respiratory tract infection. The risk associated with development of asthma in children treated with high-dose corticosteroid and epinephrine for bronchiolitis will be assessed using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models. Prediction models will be developed using multivariable logistic regression analysis and internally validated using a bootstrap approach.Ethics and disseminationOur study has been approved by the ethics board of all four participating sites of the CanBEST and BSC study. Finding of the study will be disseminated to the academic community and relevant stakeholders through conferences and peer-reviewed publications.Trial registration numberISRCTN56745572; Post-results.
| S-EPMC8098926 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveEarly temperamental characteristics may influence children's developmental pathways and predict future psychopathology. However, the environmental context may also shape or interact with infant temperament and indirectly contribute to increased vulnerability to adverse developmental outcomes. The aim of the present study is to explore the long-term contribution of temperamental traits at twelve months of age to the presence of emotional and behavioral problems later in childhood, and whether this association varies with the child's sex, parental separation, family socioeconomic status and maternal depression.Method1184 mother-child pairs from the EDEN mother-child birth cohort study based in France (2003-2011), were followed from 24-28 weeks of pregnancy to the child's fifth birthday. Infant temperament at 12 months was assessed with the Emotionality Activity and Sociability (EAS) questionnaire and behavior at 5.5 years was assessed with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).ResultsEmotional temperament in infancy predicts children's overall behavioral scores (? = 1.16, p<0.001), emotional difficulties (? = 0.30, p<0.001), conduct problems (? = 0.51, p<0.001) and symptoms of hyperactivity/inattention (? = 0.31, p = 0.01) at 5.5 years. Infants' active temperament predicts later conduct problems (? = 0.30, p = 0.02), while shyness predicts later emotional problems (? = 0.22, p = 0.04). The association between the child's temperament in infancy and later behavior did not vary with children's own or family characteristics.ConclusionAn emotional temperament in infancy is associated with higher levels of emotional and behavioral difficulties at the age of 5.5 years. Children who show high emotionality early on may require early prevention and intervention efforts to divert possible adverse developmental pathways.
| S-EPMC5310866 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Average maternal age at birth has been rising steadily in Western and some Asian countries. Older maternal age has been associated with adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes; however, studies on the relationship between maternal age and young children's health remain scarce. Therefore, we sought to investigate the association of maternal age with child health outcomes in the Japanese population. We analyzed data from two birth cohorts of the nationwide Japanese Longitudinal Survey of Babies in 21st Century (n2001 = 47,715 and n2010 = 38,554). We estimated risks of unintentional injuries and hospital admissions at 18 and 66 months according to maternal age, controlling for the following potential confounders: parental education; maternal parity, smoking status, and employment status; household income; paternal age, and sex of the child. We also included the following as potential mediators: preterm births and birthweight. We observed a decreasing trend in the risks of children's unintentional injuries and hospital admissions at 18 months according to maternal age in both cohorts. In the 2001 cohort, compared to mothers <25 years, odds ratios of hospital admission at 18 months were 0.97 [95% CI: 0.86, 1.09], 0.92 [0.81, 1.05], 0.76 [0.65, 0.90], and 0.71 [0.51, 0.98] for mothers aged 25.0-29.9, 30.0-34.9, 35.0-39.9, and >40.0 years, respectively, controlling for confounders. Our findings were in line with previous findings from population-based studies conducted in the United Kingdom and Canada suggesting that older maternal age may be beneficial for early child health.
| S-EPMC5325269 | biostudies-literature