Dataset Information

The Response of COL and FT Homologues to Photoperiodic Regulation in Carrot (Daucus carota L.).

ABSTRACT: Carrot (Daucus carota L.) is a biennial plant requiring vernalization to induce flowering, but long days can promote its premature bolting and flowering. The basic genetic network controlling the flowering time has been constructed for carrot, but there is limited information on the molecular mechanisms underlying the photoperiodic flowering response. The published carrot genome could provide an effective tool for systematically retrieving the key integrator genes of GIGANTEA (GI), CONSTANS-LIKE (COL), FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1) homologues in the photoperiod pathway. In this study, the bolting time of wild species "Songzi" (Ws) could be regulated by different photoperiods, but the orange cultivar "Amsterdam forcing" (Af) displayed no bolting phenomenon. According to the carrot genome and previous de novo transcriptome, 1 DcGI, 15 DcCOLs, 2 DcFTs, and 3 DcSOC1s were identified in the photoperiod pathway. The circadian rhythm peaks of DcGI, DcCOL2, DcCOL5a, and DcCOL13b could be delayed under long days (LDs). The peak value of DcCOL2 in Af (12.9) was significantly higher than that in Ws (6.8) under short day (SD) conditions, and was reduced under LD conditions (5.0). The peak values of DcCOL5a in Ws were constantly higher than those in Af under the photoperiod treatments. The expression levels of DcFT1 in Ws (463.0) were significantly upregulated under LD conditions compared with those in Af (1.4). These responses of DcCOL2, DcCOL5a, and DcFT1 might be related to the different bolting responses of Ws and Af. This study could provide valuable insights into understanding the key integrator genes in the carrot photoperiod pathway.

SUBMITTER: Liu L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7305175 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The Response of COL and FT Homologues to Photoperiodic Regulation in Carrot (Daucus carota L.).

Liu Lijie L Ou Chenggang C Chen Shumin S Shen Qi Q Liu Bo B Li Min M Zhao Zhiwei Z Kong Xiaoping X Yan Xiangping X Zhuang Feiyun F

Scientific reports 20200619 1

Carrot (Daucus carota L.) is a biennial plant requiring vernalization to induce flowering, but long days can promote its premature bolting and flowering. The basic genetic network controlling the flowering time has been constructed for carrot, but there is limited information on the molecular mechanisms underlying the photoperiodic flowering response. The published carrot genome could provide an effective tool for systematically retrieving the key integrator genes of GIGANTEA (GI), CONSTANS-LIKE ...[more]

PMID: 32561786

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Project description:BackgroundDairy products like ice cream, yogurt and buttermilk are consumed widely due to their rich taste but these products lack anthocyanins, which are polyphenol and exhibit great antioxidant activity in both in vivo and in vitro studies. Therefore, adding a natural source of these antioxidants to the commonly consumed dairy product will be beneficial to the masses. Among all the sources, black carrots are the extraordinary and cheapest source of anthocyanins, which are commonly consumed as a natural fermented drink. In this study, an attempt has been made to examine the feasibility of black carrot concentrate as an ingredient into dairy products.MethodologyIce cream, yogurt and buttermilk were prepared by incorporating black carrot concentrate at 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10% level and were subjected to sensory analysis. The most acceptable products with 7.5% black carrot concentrate were analyzed for minerals, polyphenols and antioxidant activity. Effects of storage on physicochemical, microbial and sensory attributes of black carrot concentrate incorporated dairy products were further analyzed.ResultsSensory analysis revealed that black carrot concentrate could be used up to 7.5% as an ingredient into dairy product with high acceptability. Significant improvement in mineral content (Mg and Fe), polyphenols and antioxidant activity were reported in black carrot concentrate added dairy products. Developed dairy products exhibited an excellent amount of 24.52-113.27 mg/100g anthocyanins. Flavonoids increased by 14.52-34.62 times and Folin-Ciocalteu reducing capacity increased by 26.39-35.87 times in experimental dairy products. The storage study revealed that ice cream could be stored for more than 60 days, yogurt up to 5 days and buttermilk up to 10 days with excellent stability attributes.ConclusionIncorporation of black carrot concentrate at the level of 7.5% resulted in high acceptability and exceptional nutraceutical property of dairy products. Incorporation of black carrot concentrate into dairy products would enhance the nutraceutical properties and mineral content of food, which could be highly significant in preventing hidden hunger and oxidative stress-induced disorders in developing countries.

Project description:Purple carrots can accumulate large quantities of anthocyanins in their roots and -in some genetic backgrounds- petioles, and therefore they represent an excellent dietary source of antioxidant phytonutrients. In a previous study, using linkage analysis in a carrot F2 mapping population segregating for root and petiole anthocyanin pigmentation, we identified a region in chromosome 3 with co-localized QTL for all anthocyanin pigments of the carrot root, whereas petiole pigmentation segregated as a single dominant gene and mapped to one of these "root pigmentation" regions conditioning anthocyanin biosynthesis. In the present study, we performed fine mapping combined with gene expression analyses (RNA-Seq and RT-qPCR) to identify candidate genes controlling anthocyanin pigmentation in the carrot root and petiole. Fine mapping was performed in four carrot populations with different genetic backgrounds and patterns of pigmentation. The regions controlling root and petiole pigmentation in chromosome 3 were delimited to 541 and 535 kb, respectively. Genome wide prediction of transcription factor families known to regulate the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway coupled with orthologous and phylogenetic analyses enabled the identification of a cluster of six MYB transcription factors, denominated DcMYB6 to DcMYB11, associated with the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. No anthocyanin biosynthetic genes were present in this region. Comparative transcriptome analysis indicated that upregulation of DcMYB7 was always associated with anthocyanin pigmentation in both root and petiole tissues, whereas DcMYB11 was only upregulated with pigmentation in petioles. In the petiole, the level of expression of DcMYB11 was higher than DcMYB7. DcMYB6, a gene previously suggested as a key regulator of carrot anthocyanin biosynthesis, was not consistently associated with pigmentation in either tissue. These results strongly suggest that DcMYB7 is a candidate gene for root anthocyanin pigmentation in all the genetic backgrounds included in this study. DcMYB11 is a candidate gene for petiole pigmentation in all the purple carrot sources in this study. Since DcMYB7 is co-expressed with DcMYB11 in purple petioles, the latter gene may act also as a co-regulator of anthocyanin pigmentation in the petioles. This study provides linkage-mapping and functional evidence for the candidacy of these genes for the regulation of carrot anthocyanin biosynthesis.

Dataset Information

The Response of COL and FT Homologues to Photoperiodic Regulation in Carrot (Daucus carota L.).

Publications

The Response of COL and FT Homologues to Photoperiodic Regulation in Carrot (Daucus carota L.).

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