Dataset Information

Advance genome editing technologies in the treatment of human diseases: CRISPR therapy (Review).

ABSTRACT: Genome editing techniques are considered to be one of the most challenging yet efficient tools for assisting therapeutic approaches. Several studies have focused on the development of novel methods to improve the efficiency of gene editing, as well as minimise their off?target effects. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)?associated protein (Cas9) is a tool that has revolutionised genome editing technologies. New applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in a broad range of diseases have demonstrated its efficiency and have been used in ex vivo models of somatic and pluripotent stem cells, as well as in in vivo animal models, and may eventually be used to correct defective genes. The focus of the present review was the recent applications of CRISPR/Cas9 and its contribution to the treatment of challenging human diseases, such as various types of cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and a broad spectrum of other disorders. CRISPR technology is a novel method for disease treatment, enhancing the effectiveness of drugs and improving the development of personalised medicine.

SUBMITTER: Alagoz M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7307811 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Advance genome editing technologies in the treatment of human diseases: CRISPR therapy (Review).

Alagoz Meryem M Kherad Nasim N

International journal of molecular medicine 20200519 2

Genome editing techniques are considered to be one of the most challenging yet efficient tools for assisting therapeutic approaches. Several studies have focused on the development of novel methods to improve the efficiency of gene editing, as well as minimise their off‑target effects. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)‑associated protein (Cas9) is a tool that has revolutionised genome editing technologies. New applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in a broad range of disea ...[more]

PMID: 32467995

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Project description:INTRODUCTION:The system of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated proteins (cas) is a new technology that allows easier manipulation of the genome. Its potential to edit genes opened a new door in treatment development for incurable neurological monogenic diseases (NMGDs). The aim of this systematic review was to summarise the findings on the current development of CRISPR-cas for therapeutic purposes in the most frequent NMGDs and provide critical assessment. METHODS AND DATA ACQUISITION:We searched the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases, looking for original studies on the use of CRISPR-cas to edit pathogenic variants in models of the most frequent NMGDs, until end of 2017. We included all the studies that met the following criteria: 1. Peer-reviewed study report with explicitly described experimental designs; 2. In vitro, ex vivo, or in vivo study using human or other animal biological systems (including cells, tissues, organs, organisms); 3. focusing on CRISPR as the gene-editing method of choice; and 5. featured at least one NMGD. RESULTS:We obtained 404 papers from MEDLINE and 513 from EMBASE. After removing the duplicates, we screened 490 papers by title and abstract and assessed them for eligibility. After reading 50 full-text papers, we finally selected 42 for the review. DISCUSSION:Here we give a systematic summary on the preclinical development of CRISPR-cas for therapeutic purposes in NMGDs. Furthermore, we address the clinical interpretability of the findings, giving a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art. Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (DMD) paves the way forward, with 26 out of 42 studies reporting different strategies on DMD gene editing in different models of the disease. Most of the strategies aimed for permanent exon skipping by deletion with CRISPR-cas. Successful silencing of the mHTT gene with CRISPR-cas led to successful reversal of the neurotoxic effects in the striatum of mouse models of Huntington's disease. Many other strategies have been explored, including epigenetic regulation of gene expression, in cellular and animal models of: myotonic dystrophy, Fraxile X syndrome, ataxias, and other less frequent dystrophies. Still, before even considering the clinical application of CRISPR-cas, three major bottlenecks need to be addressed: efficacy, safety, and delivery of the systems. This requires a collaborative approach in the research community, while having ethical considerations in mind.

Dataset Information

Advance genome editing technologies in the treatment of human diseases: CRISPR therapy (Review).

Publications

Advance genome editing technologies in the treatment of human diseases: CRISPR therapy (Review).

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