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Self-Fibrillating Cellulose Fibers: Rapid In Situ Nanofibrillation to Prepare Strong, Transparent, and Gas Barrier Nanopapers.

ABSTRACT: Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) prepared from wood biomass are promising candidates to replace oil-based materials in, for example, packaging applications. However, CNFs' affinity for water combined with their small size leads to very slow and energy-demanding processes for handling and removal of water. To a large extent, this is the major roadblock that prevents a feasible production of dry CNF-based materials on an industrial scale. In this work, self-fibrillating fibers (SFFs) from wood, where the fibrils can be liberated by external stimuli, were prepared via sequential TEMPO and periodate oxidation reactions. Papers made from these modified fibers using conventional laboratory papermaking methods were then in situ nanofibrillated via a modest pH increase. With a dewatering time of less than 10 s for a 3 g/L dispersion, SFFs represent a major improvement over conventional CNF nanopapers that take approximately 6 h to dewater. Moreover, 100 g/m2 nanopapers obtained through in situ fibrillation exhibited comparable, if not superior, properties to those reported for conventionally made CNF films. A tensile strength of 184 MPa, a Young's modulus of 5.2 GPa, a strain at break of 4.6%, 90% optical transmittance, and an oxygen permeability of 0.7 cm3 ?m m-2 d-1 kPa-1 at 50% RH were measured for SFF nanopapers. Furthermore, in situ nanofibrillation of the SFFs can also be achieved from already dried papers, facilitating numerous possibilities in terms of logistics and handling for an industrial scale-up and transportation of nanomaterials. Overall, stimuli-induced SFFs indeed enable a rapid production of strong, transparent, gas barrier nanopapers, which likely can be industrially scaled up and eventually compete with the oil-based plastics in the market for packaging materials.

SUBMITTER: Gorur YC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7307884 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Self-Fibrillating Cellulose Fibers: Rapid In Situ Nanofibrillation to Prepare Strong, Transparent, and Gas Barrier Nanopapers.

Gorur Yunus Can YC Larsson Per A PA Wågberg Lars L

Biomacromolecules 20200313 4

Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) prepared from wood biomass are promising candidates to replace oil-based materials in, for example, packaging applications. However, CNFs' affinity for water combined with their small size leads to very slow and energy-demanding processes for handling and removal of water. To a large extent, this is the major roadblock that prevents a feasible production of dry CNF-based materials on an industrial scale. In this work, self-fibrillating fibers (SFFs) from wood, where ...[more]

PMID: 32167304

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Project description:Cellulose materials and products are frequently affected by environmental factors such as light, temperature, and humidity. Simulated UV irradiation, heat, and moisture exposure were comprehensively used to characterize changes in cellulose nanopaper (NP) tensile properties. For the preparation of NP, high-purity cellulose from old, unused filter paper waste was used. Lignin and xylan were used as sustainable green interface engineering modifiers for NP due to their structural compatibility, low price, nontoxic nature, and abundance as a by-product of biomass processing, as well as their ability to protect cellulose fibers from UV irradiation. Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) suspension was obtained by microfluidizing cellulose suspension, and NP was produced by casting films from water suspensions. The use of filler from 1 to 30 wt% significantly altered NP properties. All nanopapers were tested for their sensitivity to water humidity, which reduced mechanical properties from 10 to 40% depending on the saturation level. Xylan addition showed a significant increase in the specific elastic modulus and specific strength by 1.4- and 2.8-fold, respectively. Xylan-containing NPs had remarkable resistance to UV irradiation, retaining 50 to 90% of their initial properties. Lignin-modified NPs resulted in a decreased mechanical performance due to the particle structure of the filler and the agglomeration process, but it was compensated by good property retention and enhanced elongation. The UV oxidation process of the NP interface was studied with UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopy, which showed that the degradation of lignin and xylan preserves a cellulose fiber structure. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed the structural formation of the interface and supplemented understanding of UV aging impact on the surface and penetration depth in the cross-section. The ability to overcome premature aging in environmental factors can significantly benefit the wide adaption of NP in food packaging and functional applications.

Dataset Information

Self-Fibrillating Cellulose Fibers: Rapid In Situ Nanofibrillation to Prepare Strong, Transparent, and Gas Barrier Nanopapers.

Publications

Self-Fibrillating Cellulose Fibers: Rapid In Situ Nanofibrillation to Prepare Strong, Transparent, and Gas Barrier Nanopapers.

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