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Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Candidate Gene Association Studies With Fracture Risk in Physically Active Participants.

ABSTRACT: Background: Fractures are common in physically active populations and genetic differences may mediate injury risk. Objective: To meta-analyse the pooled results of candidate gene association studies with non-osteoporotic fracture risk in physically active humans. Methods: Systematic searching of databases returned 11 eligible studies published in English. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were produced using allele contrast, recessive and homozygote contrast meta-analysis models to evaluate associations of risk alleles in the COL1A1 (rs1800012), COL2A1 (rs412777), CTR (rs1801197), ESR1 (rs2234693 and rs9340799) LRP5 (rs3736228), VDR (rs10735810, rs7975232, rs1544410, and rs731236) genes with fracture incidence. Results: Eligible study quality was generally low (7/11) and no significant overall effect was found for any genetic variant with any comparison model (p > 0.05). A trivial reduction in fracture risk was found for female participants with the COL1A1 Sp1 (rs1800012) T allele (OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.25-0.91, p = 0.03, d = -0.18). Conclusions: No overall effect was found from the pooled results of included genetic variants on fracture risk in physically active participants. The COL1A1 Sp1 rs1800012 T allele may reduce fracture risk in physically active females but further high-quality research with sex-specific analysis is required. Trial Registration: (PROSPERO; CRD42018115008).

SUBMITTER: Ryan-Moore E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7308497 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Candidate Gene Association Studies With Fracture Risk in Physically Active Participants.

Ryan-Moore Edward E Mavrommatis Yiannis Y Waldron Mark M

Frontiers in genetics 20200616

Background: Fractures are common in physically active populations and genetic differences may mediate injury risk. Objective: To meta-analyse the pooled results of candidate gene association studies with non-osteoporotic fracture risk in physically active humans. Methods: Systematic searching of databases returned 11 eligible studies published in English. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were produced using allele contrast, recessive and homozygote ...[more]

PMID: 32612634

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Project description:ContextPlantar fasciitis (PF) is a common condition in active individuals. The lack of agreement on PF etiology makes treatment challenging and highlights the importance of understanding risk factors for preventive efforts.ObjectiveThe purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine what factors may put physically active individuals at risk of developing PF.Data sourcesCENTRAL, CINAHL, EMBASE, Gray Lit, LILACS, MEDLINE (PubMed), ProQuest, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science were searched through April 2018 and updated in April 2020.Study selectionStudies were included if they were original research investigating PF risk factors, compared physically active individuals with and without PF, were written in English, and were accessible as full-length, peer-reviewed articles.Study designSystematic review and meta-analysis.Level of evidenceLevel 3, because of inconsistent definitions and blinding used in the included observational studies.Data extractionData on sample characteristics, study design and duration, groups, PF diagnosis, and risk factors were extracted. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement. When means and standard deviations of a particular risk factor were presented 2 or more times, that risk factor was included in the meta-analysis.ResultsSixteen studies were included in the systematic review and 11 risk factors in the meta-analysis. Increased plantarflexion range of motion (weighted mean difference [MD] = 7.04°; 95% CI, 5.88-8.19; P < 0.001), body mass index (MD = 2.13 kg/m2; 95% CI, 1.40-2.86; P < 0.001; I2 = 0.00%), and body mass (MD = 4.52 kg; 95% CI, 0.55-8.49; P = 0.026) were risk factors for PF.ConclusionInterventions focused on addressing a greater degree of plantarflexion range of motion, body mass index, and body mass and their load on the force-absorbing plantar surface structures may be a good starting point in the prevention and treatment of active individuals with PF.

Project description:ContextAlthough family studies have shown that male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are highly heritable, no systematic review exists of genetic polymorphisms tested for association with LUTS.ObjectiveTo systematically review and meta-analyze studies assessing candidate polymorphisms/genes tested for an association with LUTS, and to assess the strength, consistency, and potential for bias among pooled associations.Evidence acquisitionA systematic search of the PubMed and HuGE databases as well as abstracts of major urologic meetings was performed through to January 2013. Case-control studies reporting genetic associations in men with LUTS were included. Reviewers independently and in duplicate screened titles, abstracts, and full texts to determine eligibility, abstracted data, and assessed the credibility of pooled associations according to the interim Venice criteria. Authors were contacted for clarifications if needed. Meta-analyses were performed for variants assessed in more than two studies.Evidence synthesisWe identified 74 eligible studies containing data on 70 different genes. A total of 35 meta-analyses were performed with statistical significance in five (ACE, ELAC2, GSTM1, TERT, and VDR). The heterogeneity was high in three of these meta-analyses. The rs731236 variant of the vitamin D receptor had a protective effect for LUTS (odds ratio: 0.64; 95% confidence interval, 0.49-0.83) with moderate heterogeneity (I(2)=27.2%). No evidence for publication bias was identified. Limitations include wide-ranging phenotype definitions for LUTS and limited power in most meta-analyses to detect smaller effect sizes.ConclusionsFew putative genetic risk variants have been reliably replicated across populations. We found consistent evidence of a reduced risk of LUTS associated with the common rs731236 variant of the vitamin D receptor gene in our meta-analyses.Patient summaryCombining the results from all previous studies of genetic variants that may cause urinary symptoms in men, we found significant variants in five genes. Only one, a variant of the vitamin D receptor, was consistently protective across different populations.

Project description:BackgroundMany desk-based workers can spend more than half of their working hours sitting, with low levels of physical activity. Workplace neighbourhood built environment may influence workers' physical activities and sedentary behaviours on workdays. We reviewed and synthesised evidence from observational studies on associations of workplace neighbourhood attributes with domain-specific physical activity and sedentary behaviour and suggested research priorities for improving the quality of future relevant studies.MethodsPublished studies were obtained from nine databases (PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Scopus, Transport Research International Documentation, MEDLINE, Cochrane, Embase, and CINAHL) and crosschecked by Google Scholar. Observational studies with quantitative analyses estimating associations between workplace neighbourhood built environment attributes and workers' physical activity or sedentary behaviour were included. Studies were restricted to those published in English language peer-reviewed journals from 2000 to 2019.ResultsA total of 55 studies and 455 instances of estimated associations were included. Most instances of potential associations of workplace neighbourhood built environment attributes with total or domain-specific (occupational, transport, and recreational) physical activity were non-significant. However, destination-related attributes (i.e., longer distances from workplace to home and access to car parking) were positively associated with transport-related sedentary behaviour (i.e., car driving).ConclusionsThe findings reinforce the case for urban design policies on designing mixed-use neighbourhoods where there are opportunities to live closer to workplaces and have access to a higher density of shops, services, and recreational facilities. Studies strengthening correspondence between the neighbourhood built environment attributes and behaviours are needed to identify and clarify potential relationships.Protocol registrationThe protocol of this systematic review was registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) on 2 December 2019 (registration number: CRD42019137341 ).

Project description:BackgroundStudies investigating the effects of cold-water immersion (CWI) on the recovery of athletic performance, perceptual measures and creatine kinase (CK) have reported mixed results in physically active populations.ObjectivesThe purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the effects of CWI on recovery of athletic performance, perceptual measures and CK following an acute bout of exercise in physically active populations.Study designSystematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in September 2021 using Medline, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EmCare and Embase databases. Studies were included if they were peer reviewed and published in English, included participants who were involved in sport or deemed physically active, compared CWI with passive recovery methods following an acute bout of strenuous exercise and included athletic performance, athlete perception and CK outcome measures. Studies were divided into two strenuous exercise subgroups: eccentric exercise and high-intensity exercise. Random effects meta-analyses were used to determine standardised mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals. Meta-regression analyses were completed with water temperature and exposure durations as continuous moderator variables.ResultsFifty-two studies were included in the meta-analyses. CWI improved the recovery of muscular power 24 h after eccentric exercise (SMD 0.34 [95% CI 0.06-0.62]) and after high-intensity exercise (SMD 0.22 [95% CI 0.004-0.43]), and reduced serum CK (SMD - 0.85 [95% CI - 1.61 to - 0.08]) 24 h after high-intensity exercise. CWI also improved muscle soreness (SMD - 0.89 [95% CI - 1.48 to - 0.29]) and perceived feelings of recovery (SMD 0.66 [95% CI 0.29-1.03]) 24 h after high-intensity exercise. There was no significant influence on the recovery of strength performance following either eccentric or high-intensity exercise. Meta-regression indicated that shorter time and lower temperatures were related to the largest beneficial effects on serum CK (duration and temperature dose effects) and endurance performance (duration dose effects only) after high-intensity exercise.ConclusionCWI was an effective recovery tool after high-intensity exercise, with positive outcomes occurring for muscular power, muscle soreness, CK, and perceived recovery 24 h after exercise. However, after eccentric exercise, CWI was only effective for positively influencing muscular power 24 h after exercise. Dose-response relationships emerged for positively influencing endurance performance and reducing serum CK, indicating that shorter durations and lower temperatures may improve the efficacy of CWI if used after high-intensity exercise.FundingEmma Moore is supported by a Research Training Program (Domestic) Scholarship from the Australian Commonwealth Department of Education and Training.Protocol registrationOpen Science Framework: 10.17605/OSF.IO/SRB9D.

Dataset Information

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Candidate Gene Association Studies With Fracture Risk in Physically Active Participants.

Publications

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Candidate Gene Association Studies With Fracture Risk in Physically Active Participants.

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