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A Novel ERF Transcription Factor, ZmERF105, Positively Regulates Maize Resistance to Exserohilum turcicum.

ABSTRACT: The ethylene response factor (ERF) plays a crucial role in plant innate immunity. However, the molecular function of ERF in response to Exserohilum turcicum (E. turcicum) remains unknown in maize. In this study, a novel ERF gene, designated as ZmERF105, was firstly isolated and characterized. The ZmERF105 protein contains an APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE FACTOR (AP2/ERF) domain and a conserved LSPLSPHP motif in its C-terminal region. ZmERF105 protein was exclusively localized to the nucleus. ZmERF105 expression responded to E. turcicum treatment. Yeast one-hybrid and transcription activity assays revealed that ZmERF105 is an activator of transcription and binds to GCC-box elements. Over-expression of ZmERF105 was shown to increase maize resistance against E. turcicum, and erf105 mutant lines displayed opposite phenotype. Moreover, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in the ZmERF105 over-expression lines were markedly higher than in the wild-type maize lines (WT) after infection with E. turcicum, and were compromised in the erf105 mutant lines. Simultaneously, ZmERF105 over-expression lines enhanced the expression of several pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, including ZmPR1a, ZmPR2, ZmPR5, ZmPR10.1, and ZmPR10.2 after infection with E. turcicum. In contrast, the expression of PR genes was reduced in erf105 mutant lines. Our work reveals that ZmERF105 as a novel player of the ERF network and positively regulates the maize resistance response to E. turcicum.

SUBMITTER: Zang Z

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7308562 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A Novel ERF Transcription Factor, ZmERF105, Positively Regulates Maize Resistance to Exserohilum turcicum.

Zang Zhenyuan Z Lv Ying Y Liu Shuang S Yang Wei W Ci Jiabin J Ren Xuejiao X Wang Zhen Z Wu Hao H Ma Wenyu W Jiang Liangyu L Yang Weiguang W

Frontiers in plant science 20200616

The ethylene response factor (ERF) plays a crucial role in plant innate immunity. However, the molecular function of ERF in response to Exserohilum turcicum (E. turcicum) remains unknown in maize. In this study, a novel ERF gene, designated as ZmERF105, was firstly isolated and characterized. The ZmERF105 protein contains an APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE FACTOR (AP2/ERF) domain and a conserved LSPLSPHP motif in its C-terminal region. ZmERF105 protein was exclusi ...[more]

PMID: 32612628

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Project description:Northern corn leaf blight (NCLB) is an important leaf disease in maize (Zea mays) worldwide and is spreading into new areas with expanding maize cultivation, like Germany. Exserohilum turcicum, causal agent of NCLB, infects and colonizes leaf tissue and induces elongated necrotic lesions. Disease control is based on fungicide application and resistant cultivars displaying monogenic resistance. Symptom expression and resistance mechanisms differ in plants carrying different resistance genes. Therefore, histological studies and DNA quantification were performed to compare the pathogenesis of E. turcicum races in maize lines exhibiting compatible or incompatible interactions. Maize plants from the differential line B37 with and without resistance genes Ht1, Ht2, Ht3, and Htn1 were inoculated with either incompatible or compatible races (race 0, race 1 and race 23N) of E. turcicum. Leaf segments from healthy and inoculated plants were collected at five different stages of infection and disease development from penetration (0-1 days post inoculation - dpi), until full symptom expression (14-18 dpi). Symptoms of resistance responses conveyed by the different Ht genes considerably differed between Ht1 (necrotic lesions with chlorosis), Ht2 (chlorosis and small lesions), Ht3 (chlorotic spots) and Htn1 (no lesions or wilt-type lesions). In incompatible interactions, fungal DNA was only detected in very low amounts. At 10 dpi, DNA content was elevated in all compatible interactions. Histological studies with Chlorazol Black E staining indicated that E. turcicum formed appressoria and penetrated the leaf surface directly in both types of interaction. In contrast to incompatible interactions, however, the pathogen was able to penetrate into xylem vessels at 6 dpi in compatible interactions and strongly colonized the mesophyll at 12 dpi, which is considered the crucial process differentiating susceptible from resistant interactions. Following the distinct symptom expressions, resistance mechanisms conferred by Ht1, Ht2, Ht3, and Htn1 genes apparently are different. Lower disease levels and a delayed progress of infection in compatible interactions with resistant lines imply that maize R genes to E. turcicum are associated with or confer additional quantitative resistance.

Dataset Information

A Novel ERF Transcription Factor, ZmERF105, Positively Regulates Maize Resistance to Exserohilum turcicum.

Publications

A Novel ERF Transcription Factor, <i>ZmERF105</i>, Positively Regulates Maize Resistance to <i>Exserohilum turcicum</i>.

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