Dataset Information

Oral Microbiome of Children Living in an Isolated Area in Myanmar.

ABSTRACT: Several studies have shown that the oral microbiome is related to systemic health, and a co-relation with several specific diseases has been suggested. The oral microbiome depends on environmental- and community-level factors. In this observational study, the oral microbiomes of children of isolated mountain people were analyzed with respect to the core oral microbiome and etiology of dental caries. We collected samples of supragingival plaque from children (age 9-13) living in the Chin state of Myanmar. After DNA extraction and purification, next-generation sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA was conducted. From thirteen subjects, 263,458 valid reads and 640 operational taxonomic units were generated at a 97% identity cut-off value. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria was the most abundant, followed by Firmicutes and Bacteroides. Forty-four bacteria were detected in total from all the subjects. For children without dental caries, Proteobacteria was abundant. In contrast, in children with dental caries, Firmicutes and Bacteroides were abundant. The oral microbiome of children living in an isolated area may be affected by environmental- and community-level factors. Additionally, the composition of the oral microbiome may affect the risk of dental caries.

SUBMITTER: Nomura Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7312721 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Oral Microbiome of Children Living in an Isolated Area in Myanmar.

Nomura Yoshiaki Y Otsuka Ryoko R Hasegawa Ryo R Hanada Nobuhiro N

International journal of environmental research and public health 20200605 11

Several studies have shown that the oral microbiome is related to systemic health, and a co-relation with several specific diseases has been suggested. The oral microbiome depends on environmental- and community-level factors. In this observational study, the oral microbiomes of children of isolated mountain people were analyzed with respect to the core oral microbiome and etiology of dental caries. We collected samples of supragingival plaque from children (age 9-13) living in the Chin state of ...[more]

PMID: 32517039

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Utilization of oral health services has been low among rural populations in Thailand, especially for minority ethnicity populations living along the borders. The aim of this study was to increase understanding of the determinants of the underutilization of oral health services among these populations. METHODS:A qualitative study using in-depth interview and semi-structured interview was conducted among participants of Karen ethnicity living in Mae Tan Sub-district, Thasongyang District, Tak Province, Thailand. The interviews focused on exploring the participants' perceptions of oral health problems, oral health and hygiene, and oral health-seeking behaviors. The verbatim-transcribed interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS:A total of 101 participants (50 adults and 51 children) with a Karen ethnic background took part in the interviews. Most participants could not identify oral health problems and did not perceive dental disease as a problem unless there was severe pain that could not be relieved by painkillers. The Karen ethnic community worked as subsistence farmers, and their busy daily activities consisted of farming, going to the forest to hunt and gather, performing housework, and taking care of their children. Dental health was given a lower priority compared with general health. The perceived value of primary teeth was low, which was identified as an underlying factor resulting in delayed oral health care seeking among this population. The participants had relied on self-care throughout their lifetimes, using either traditional medicines or modern painkillers to relieve toothaches. Fear of dental procedures among children was also described as a barrier to seeking dental health care. CONCLUSIONS:This study found that the lifestyle and traditions of Karen people living in this area influence their oral health care and hygiene activities as well as their health-seeking behaviors. Further research should emphasize how to improve oral health promotion by providing necessary services and health education appropriately to Karen ethnic populations living along the Thai-Myanmar border.

Project description:Aim: Current microbiome profiling of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) patients is mostly limited to gut microbiome. We characterized the oral microbiome associated with T1D in children after the onset of the disease and explored its relationship with oral physiological factors and dental status. Methods: This cohort study comprised 37 children aged 5–15 years with T1D and 29 healthy children matched in age and gender. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from diabetic and non-diabetic children, in the morning after brushing their teeth and a fasting period of at least 1 h before sampling. 16S rRNA gene-based analysis was performed by Powersoil Pro kit by Qiagen and Phusion High-Fidelity PCR Master Mix. Oral physiological and dental parameters studied included decayed, missing, and filled teeth index, salivary flow rate, and salivary pH, glucose, calcium, phosphate, and urea levels. Results: Of the identified 105 different genera and 211 different species, the most abundant genera were Streptococcus, Prevotella, Veillonella, Haemophilus, and Neisseria. Streptococcus was more abundant in T1D children. The diabetes group had 22 taxa at the genus level and 33 taxa at the species level that were not present in the control group and the control group exhibited 6 taxa at the genus level and 9 taxa at the species level that did not exist in the diabetes group. In addition, Catonella, Fusobacterium, and Mogibacterium differed between healthy and T1D subjects. Eight species and eight subspecies were significantly more abundant among healthy children than in T1D children. Porphyromonas and Mogibacterium genera were significantly correlated with salivary parameters. We found similarities between taxa revealed in the present study and those found in gut microbiome in type 1 diabetes mellitus according to gutMDisorder database. Conclusions: Salivary microbiome analysis revealed unique microbial taxa that differed between T1D children and healthy subjects. Several genera found in the saliva of T1D children were associated with gut microbiome in T1D individuals.

Project description:Introduction: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Changes in miRNA expression have been reported in a number of intestinal diseases, in both tissue samples and readily accessible specimens like stools. Pathogenic infections, diet, toxins, and other environmental factors are believed to influence miRNA expression. However, modulation of miRNAs in humans is yet to be thoroughly investigated. In this study, we examined the expression levels of two human miRNAs (miRNA-122 and miRNA-21) in stool samples of a group of Bangladeshi children who had an altered/increased intestinal permeability (IIP). Methods: Stool samples were collected from children with IIP (L:M > 0.09) and normal intestinal permeability (NIP) (L:M ≤ 0.09). Quantitative PCR was performed to quantify the levels of miRNA-122 and miR-21 in stools. Commercial ELISA kits were used to measure gut inflammatory markers Calprotectin and REG1B. Serum samples were tested using Human Bio-Plex Pro Assays to quantify IL-1β, IL-2, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IFN-γ, and TNF-α. Total nucleic acid extracted from stool specimens were used to determine gut pathogens using TaqMan Array Card (TAC) system real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: The expression levels of miRNA-122 (fold change 11.6; p < 0.001, 95% CI: 6.14-11.01) and miR-21 (fold change 10; p < 0.001, 95% CI: 5.05-10.78) in stool were upregulated in children with IIP than in children with normal intestinal permeability (NIP). Significant correlations were observed between stool levels of miR-122 and miR-21 and the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α (p < 0.05). Children with IIP were frequently infected with rotavirus, Campylobacter jejuni, Bacteroides fragilis, adenovirus, norovirus, astrovirus, and various Escherichia coli strains (ETEC_STh, ETEC_STp, EAEC_aaiC, EAEC_aatA) (p < 0.001). miR-122 significantly correlated with the fecal inflammatory biomarkers REG1B (p = 0.015) and Calprotectin (p = 0.030), however miR-21 did not show any correlation with these fecal biomarkers.

Project description:IntroductionA lower prevalence of dental caries (hereafter termed "caries") has been observed in children with dental extrinsic black stain (EBS).MethodsWe investigated the epidemiologic characterization of EBS and explored the possible role of the oral microbiome (OM) and gut microbiome (GM) in EBS formation and caries prevention. In an epidemiologic survey, 2,675 children aged 3-6 years were included. Thirty-eight of these children (7 children had both caries and EBS, 10 had EBS only, 11 had caries only, and 10 were healthy children) were recruited for 16S rRNA sequencing and collection of samples of supragingival plaque and feces. Collected plaque samples were divided into four groups: BCP (EBS+, caries+), BP (EBS+, caries-), CP (EBS-, caries+), and P (EBS-, caries-). Fecal samples were also divided into four groups: BCF (EBS+, caries+), BF (EBS+, caries-), CF (EBS-, caries+), and F (EBS-, caries-).ResultsEBS was observed in 12.10% of this population. Children with EBS had a significantly reduced prevalence of caries and a lower mean value of decayed-missing-filled teeth (dmft; p < 0.01). According to analyses of dental plaque, the P group had the most complex microbiome. The BCP group exhibited greater operational taxonomic unit (OTU) richness but a reduced evenness compared with the BP group, and the CP group showed greater OTU richness than the BP group. At the genus level, higher abundance of Actinomyces and Cardiobacterium species was observed in the BCP group. Higher abundance of Lautropia and Pesudopropionibacteriumin species was observed in the BP group compared with P and CP groups, respectively (p < 0.05). Veillonella species were significantly more common in P and CP groups than in BP groups, whereas Porphyromonas and Fusobacterium species were more common in the CP group (p < 0.05). With regard to the GM, the CF group exhibited greater OTU diversity than the BF group. The GM in the BCF group exhibited the most complex relationships across all fecal groups. GM groups could be distinguished by various unique biomarkers, such as Escherichia and Shigella species in the BCF group, Agathobacter and Ruminococcus species in the CF group, Lactobacillus species in the BF group, and Roseburia species in the F group. Our results suggest that EBS is a possible protective factor against early-childhood caries. Dental plaque and the GM may be relevant to EBS in primary dentition.

Dataset Information

Oral Microbiome of Children Living in an Isolated Area in Myanmar.

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Oral Microbiome of Children Living in an Isolated Area in Myanmar.

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