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Nanoencapsulated Monarda citriodora Cerv. ex Lag. essential oil as potential antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic agent against deterioration of stored functional foods.

ABSTRACT: In vitro antifungal activity of the essential oil from Monarda citriodora (MCEO) with possible mode of action was evaluated against A. flavus (AF-LHP-SH1) and 15 other storage molds for controlling postharvest deterioration of stored functional food samples. The chemical profiling of MCEO as done through GC-MS analysis revealed caryophyllene (19.15%) as the major component. The MCEO showed broad spectrum fungitoxicity and completely inhibited the growth of all tested molds and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production by AF-LHP-SH1 at 1.40 and 1.20 µL/mL, respectively. Plasma membrane damage and methylglyoxal inhibition was confirmed as the possible antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic mode of action of MCEO. MCEO exhibited remarkable antioxidant activity with IC50 value 2.24 μL/mL as determined through DPPH assay and did not cause adverse effect on seed germination. In addition, the MCEO was encapsulated into chitosan nanoparticle, characterized (SEM, FTIR, XRD) and assessed for their potential against inhibition of growth and AFB1 production. MCEO after encapsulation exhibited enhanced efficacy inhibiting fungal growth and AFB1 production by AF-LHP-SH1 at 0.6 and 0.5 µL/mL, respectively. Encapsulated MCEO may be recommended as novel preservative to extend the shelf life of stored functional food samples.

SUBMITTER: Deepika

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7316916 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Monarda citriodora

Project description:Monarda citriodora

| PRJNA807617 | ENA

Diversity, Phylogeny, anticancer and antimicrobial potential of fungal endophytes associated with Monarda citriodora L.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Present study focuses on diversity and distribution analysis of endophytic fungi associated with different tissues of the Monarda citriodora Cerv. ex Lag. (Lamiaceae/Labiatae). Anticancer and antimicrobial potential of isolated endophytes have also been investigated. RESULTS:A total of twenty eight fungal endophytes belonging to 11 different genera were isolated from this plant. All the endophytic fungi belonged to the Ascomycota phylum. The leaves were immensely rich in fungal species, while roots showed the highest tissue specific fungal dominance. Out of 28 fungal species, 72% endophytic extracts were found cytotoxic against one or more human cancer cell lines. The most prominent anticancer activity (IC50 value <10 ?g/mL) was shown by MC-14 L (Fusarium oxysporum), MC-14 F (F. oxysporum), MC-18 L (Aspergillus fumigatus), MC-24 L (Cladosporium tenuissimum), MC-25 L (Fusarium sp.), MC-26 F (F. oxysporum) extracts. 75% of the extracts showed antimicrobial activities in agar disc-diffusion assay and 27% in the tube dilution method (MIC <100 ?g/mL) respectively against the tested pathogens. Extracts of MC-14 L (F. oxysporum) and MC-18 L (A. fumigatus) displayed broad spectrum antimicrobial activity. CONCLUSIONS:These results indicated that M. citriodora harbors a rich fungal endophytic community with anticancer and antimicrobial activities. The isolated endophyte MC-24 L (C. tenuissimum) has the potential to be a source of novel cytotoxic/antimicrobial compounds. This is the first report of diversity of fungal endophytes isolated from M. citriodora.

| S-EPMC5339955 | biostudies-literature

Endophytic fungi associated with Monarda citriodora, an aromatic and medicinal plant and their biocontrol potential.

Project description:CONTEXTThe Food and Agriculture Organization has estimated that every year considerable losses of the food crops occur due to plant diseases. Although fungicides are extensively used for management of plant diseases, they are expensive and hazardous to the environment and human health. Alternatively, biological control is the safe way to overcome the effects of plant diseases and to sustain agriculture. Since Monarda citriodora Cerv. ex Lag. (Lamiaceae/Labiatae) is known for its antifungal properties, it was chosen for the study.OBJECTIVEThe isolation of endophytic fungi from M. citriodora and assessing their biocontrol potential.MATERIAL AND METHODSThe isolated endophytes were characterized using ITS-5.8?S rDNA sequencing. Their biocontrol potential was assessed using different antagonistic assays against major plant pathogens.RESULTSTwenty-eight endophytes representing 11 genera were isolated, of which, around 82% endophytes showed biocontrol potential against plant pathogens. MC-2?L (Fusarium oxysporum), MC-14?F (F. oxysporum), MC-22?F (F. oxysporum) and MC-25?F (F. redolens) displayed significant antagonistic activity against all the tested pathogens. Interestingly, MC-10?L (Muscodor yucatanensis) completely inhibited the growth of Sclerotinia sp., Colletotrichum capsici, Aspergillus flavus and A. fumigatus in dual culture assay, whereas MC-8?L (A. oryzae) and MC-9?L (Penicillium commune) completely inhibited the growth of the Sclerotinia sp. in fumigation assay.CONCLUSIONSEndophytes MC-2?L, MC-14?F, MC-22?F and MC-25?F could effectively be used to control broad range of phytopathogens, while MC-10?L, MC-8?L and MC-9?L could be used to control specific pathogens. Secondly, endophytes showing varying degrees of antagonism in different assays represented the chemo-diversity not only as promising biocontrol agents but also as a resource of defensive and bioactive metabolites.

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Antifungal agent tempol

Project description:Stable Redox-Cycling Nitroxide Tempol has Antifungal and Immune-modulatory Properties

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Toward better understanding of postharvest deterioration: biochemical changes in stored cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) roots.

Project description:Food losses can occur during production, postharvest, and processing stages in the supply chain. With the onset of worldwide food shortages, interest in reducing postharvest losses in cassava has been increasing. In this research, the main goal was to evaluate biochemical changes and identify the metabolites involved in the deterioration of cassava roots. We found that high levels of ascorbic acid (AsA), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), dry matter, and proteins are correlated with overall lower rates of deterioration. On the other hand, soluble sugars such as glucose and fructose, as well as organic acids, mainly, succinic acid, seem to be upregulated during storage and may play a role in the deterioration of cassava roots. Cultivar Branco (BRA) was most resilient to postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD), while Oriental (ORI) was the most susceptible. Our findings suggest that PPO, AsA, and proteins may play a distinct role in PPD delay.

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Potential of Gallium as an Antifungal Agent.

Project description:There are only few drugs available to treat fungal infections, and the lack of new antifungals, along with the emergence of drug-resistant strains, results in millions of deaths/year. An unconventional approach to fight microbial infection is to exploit nutritional vulnerabilities of microorganism metabolism. The metal gallium can disrupt iron metabolism in bacteria and cancer cells, but it has not been tested against fungal pathogens such as Aspergillus and Candida. Here, we investigate in vitro activity of gallium nitrate III [Ga(NO3)3] against these human pathogens, to reveal the gallium mechanism of action and understand the interaction between gallium and clinical antifungal drugs. Ga(NO3)3 presented a fungistatic effect against azole-sensitive and -resistant A. fumigatus strains (MIC50/90 = 32.0 mg/L) and also had a synergistic effect with caspofungin, but not with azoles and amphotericin B. Its antifungal activity seems to be reliant on iron-limiting conditions, as the presence of iron increases its MIC value and because we observed a synergistic interaction between gallium and iron chelators against A. fumigatus. We also show that an A. fumigatus mutant (?hapX) unable to grow in the absence of iron is more susceptible to gallium, reinforcing that gallium could act by disrupting iron homeostasis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that gallium has a fungistatic effect against different species of Candida ranging from 16.0 to 256.0 mg/L, including multidrug-resistant Candida auris, C. haemulonii, C. duobushaemulonii, and C. glabrata. Our findings indicate that gallium can inhibit fungal pathogens in vitro under iron-limiting conditions, showing that Ga(NO3)3 could be a potential therapy not only against bacteria but also as an antifungal drug.

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Profile of mRNA transcriptomes of E. coli affected by antifungal agent ciclopirox

Project description:Purpose: The identification of genes and regulatory pathways involved in the susceptibility to ciclopirox activity Methods: mRNA profiles of ciclopirox treatment in wild-type strain using Illumina sequencing. Results: Using an optimized data analysis workflow, we mapped about 1 million sequence reads per sample to the E. coli K-12 genome and identified 4,290 transcripts in wild-type with our without sublethal concentration of ciclopirox (12.5 ug/mL). Overall, this is the first genome-wide level analysis of ciclopirox as an antibacterial against Gram-negative bacteria and shown that >13 pathways were affected by ciclopirox with the change of expression level of >10 genes. Data analysis with CLRNASeq showed some differently expressed transcripts by ciclopirox treatment. Conclusions: Our study represents the first detailed analysis of ciclopirox-affected transcriptomes, with biologic replicates, generated by RNA-seq technology. The optimized data analysis workflows reported here should provide a framework for comparative investigations of expression profiles. Our results show that NGS offers a comprehensive and more accurate quantitative and qualitative evaluation of mRNA content within a cell or tissue. We conclude that RNA-seq based transcriptome characterization would expedite genetic network analyses and permit the dissection of complex biologic functions.

2020-02-05 | GSE110854 | GEO

Plant-derived antifungal agent poacic acid targets ?-1,3-glucan.

Project description:A rise in resistance to current antifungals necessitates strategies to identify alternative sources of effective fungicides. We report the discovery of poacic acid, a potent antifungal compound found in lignocellulosic hydrolysates of grasses. Chemical genomics using Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed that loss of cell wall synthesis and maintenance genes conferred increased sensitivity to poacic acid. Morphological analysis revealed that cells treated with poacic acid behaved similarly to cells treated with other cell wall-targeting drugs and mutants with deletions in genes involved in processes related to cell wall biogenesis. Poacic acid causes rapid cell lysis and is synergistic with caspofungin and fluconazole. The cellular target was identified; poacic acid localized to the cell wall and inhibited ?-1,3-glucan synthesis in vivo and in vitro, apparently by directly binding ?-1,3-glucan. Through its activity on the glucan layer, poacic acid inhibits growth of the fungi Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Alternaria solani as well as the oomycete Phytophthora sojae. A single application of poacic acid to leaves infected with the broad-range fungal pathogen S. sclerotiorum substantially reduced lesion development. The discovery of poacic acid as a natural antifungal agent targeting ?-1,3-glucan highlights the potential side use of products generated in the processing of renewable biomass toward biofuels as a source of valuable bioactive compounds and further clarifies the nature and mechanism of fermentation inhibitors found in lignocellulosic hydrolysates.

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| S-EPMC5147695 | biostudies-literature

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