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Assessment of Gene Flow to Wild Relatives and Nutritional Composition of Sugarcane in Brazil.

ABSTRACT: The commercial release of genetically modified organisms (GMO) requires a prior environmental and human/animal health risk assessment. In Brazil, the National Biotechnology Technical Commission (CTNBio) requires a survey of the area of natural occurrence of wild relatives of the GMO in the Brazilian ecosystems to evaluate the possibility of introgressive hybridization between sexually compatible species. Modern sugarcane cultivars, the focus of this study, derive from a series of hybridization and backcrossing events among Saccharum species. The so-called "Saccharum broad sense" group includes around 40 species from a few genera, including Erianthus, found in various tropical regions, particularly South-Eastern Asia. In Brazil, three native species, originally considered to belong to Erianthus, were reclassified as S. angustifolium (Nees) Trin., S. asperum (Nees) Steud., and S. villosum Steud., based on inflorescence morphology. Thus, we have investigated the potential occurrence of gene flow among the Brazilian Saccharum native species and commercial hybrids as a requisite for GMO commercial release. A comprehensive survey was carried out to map the occurrence of the three native Saccharum species in Brazil, concluding that they are sympatric with sugarcane cultivation only from around 14°S southwards, which precludes most Northeastern sugarcane-producing states from undergoing introgression. Based on phenology, we concluded that the Brazilian Saccharum species are unable to outcross naturally with commercial sugarcane since the overlap between the flowering periods of sugarcane and the native species is limited. A phylogenomic reconstruction based on the full plastid genome sequence showed that the three native Saccharum species are the taxa closest to sugarcane in Brazil, being closer than introduced Erianthus or Miscanthus. A 2-year study on eight nutritional composition traits of the 20 main sugarcane cultivars cultivated in Brazil was carried out in six environments. The minimum and maximum values obtained were, in percent: moisture (62.6-82.5); sucrose (9.65-21.76); crude fiber (8.06-21.03); FDN (7.20-20.68); FDA (4.55-16.90); lipids (0.06-1.59); ash (0.08-2.67); and crude protein (0.18-1.18). Besides a considerable amount of genetic variation and plastic responses, many instances of genotype-by-environment interaction were detected.

SUBMITTER: Bressan EA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7317034 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Assessment of Gene Flow to Wild Relatives and Nutritional Composition of Sugarcane in Brazil.

Bressan Eduardo Andrade EA de Carvalho Igor Araújo Santos IAS Borges Maria Teresa Mendes Ribeiro MTMR Carneiro Monalisa Sampaio MS da Silva Edson Ferreira EF Gazaffi Rodrigo R Shirasuna Regina Tomoko RT Abreu Vinícius V Popin Rafael V RV Figueira Antonio A Oliveira Giancarlo Conde Xavier GCX

Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology 20200619

The commercial release of genetically modified organisms (GMO) requires a prior environmental and human/animal health risk assessment. In Brazil, the National Biotechnology Technical Commission (CTNBio) requires a survey of the area of natural occurrence of wild relatives of the GMO in the Brazilian ecosystems to evaluate the possibility of introgressive hybridization between sexually compatible species. Modern sugarcane cultivars, the focus of this study, derive from a series of hybridization a ...[more]

PMID: 32637401

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Project description:Pre-commercialization studies on environmental biosafety of genetically modified (GM) crops are necessary to evaluate the potential for sexual hybridization with related plant species that occur in the release area. The aim of the study was a preliminary assessment of factors that may contribute to gene flow from sugarcane (Saccharum hybrids) to indigenous relatives in the sugarcane production regions of Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal provinces, South Africa. In the first instance, an assessment of Saccharum wild relatives was conducted based on existing phylogenies and literature surveys. The prevalence, spatial overlap, proximity, distribution potential, and flowering times of wild relatives in sugarcane production regions based on the above, and on herbaria records and field surveys were conducted for Imperata, Sorghum, Cleistachne, and Miscanthidium species. Eleven species were selected for spatial analyses based on their presence within the sugarcane cultivation region: four species in the Saccharinae and seven in the Sorghinae. Secondly, fragments of the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the 5.8s ribosomal gene and two chloroplast genes, ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase (rbcL), and maturase K (matK) were sequenced or assembled from short read data to confirm relatedness between Saccharum hybrids and its wild relatives. Phylogenetic analyses of the ITS cassette showed that the closest wild relative species to commercial sugarcane were Miscanthidium capense, Miscanthidium junceum, and Narenga porphyrocoma. Sorghum was found to be more distantly related to Saccharum than previously described. Based on the phylogeny described in our study, the only species to highlight in terms of evolutionary divergence times from Saccharum are those within the genus Miscanthidium, most especially M. capense, and M. junceum which are only 3 million years divergent from Saccharum. Field assessment of pollen viability of 13 commercial sugarcane cultivars using two stains, iodine potassium iodide (IKI) and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride, showed decreasing pollen viability (from 85 to 0%) from the north to the south eastern regions of the study area. Future work will include other aspects influencing gene flow such as cytological compatibility and introgression between sugarcane and Miscanthidium species.

Project description:ObjectivesTo estimate changes over time of breakfast frequency and foods/food groups consumed at breakfast.MethodsCohort of 809 students aged 10-16 years old from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, enrolled in 2010, and followed for three years. Breakfast skippers were those not eating breakfast. Those with breakfast frequency of 4 or less times per week were considered irregular breakfast eaters. Changes over time of breakfast frequency and breakfast foods/food groups were analyzed by generalized estimating equations.ResultsAt baseline, overweight/obese girls had higher prevalence of irregular breakfast than those non-overweight/obese (40% vs. 26%; p = 0.005); among boys, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of irregular breakfast according to weight status. After three years, among girls there was an increase in the risk of irregular breakfast consumption (RR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.08; 1.54) and breakfast skipping (RR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.12; 2.38). Also, overweight/obese boys (RR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.89) and non-overweight/obese girls (RR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.17, 2.04) had higher risk of irregular breakfast in three years, compared to baseline. After three years, boys changed the consumption of foods/food groups at breakfast and presented higher risk of decreased intake of fruits (RR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.20, 2.13), sandwiches and snacks (RR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.22), chips (RR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.13), and ham (RR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.07), and lower risk of cheese intake (RR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.53, 1.00). Girls had higher risk of decreased intake of fruits (RR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.47, 2.95), milk (RR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.07, 2.08), chocolate powder (RR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.11, 2.14) and ham (RR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.16, 2.36).ConclusionsChanges in breakfast patterns are different according to sex. Also, different changes in breakfast frequency according to BMI category were found. Consumption patterns of some foods/food groups have a tendency to become changed from initial to middle adolescence.

Dataset Information

Assessment of Gene Flow to Wild Relatives and Nutritional Composition of Sugarcane in Brazil.

Publications

Assessment of Gene Flow to Wild Relatives and Nutritional Composition of Sugarcane in Brazil.

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