Dataset Information

Diabrotica undecimpunctata virus 2, a Novel Small RNA Virus Discovered from Southern Corn Rootworm, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).

ABSTRACT: The genome of Diabrotica undecimpunctata virus 2 (DuV2), a putative positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus identified from the southern corn rootworm transcriptome, comprises 5,313 nucleotides, including a short poly(A) tail. The two open reading frames encode a nonstructural polyprotein (p156) and a putative capsid protein (p25).

SUBMITTER: Liu S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7317098 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Diabrotica undecimpunctata virus 2, a Novel Small RNA Virus Discovered from Southern Corn Rootworm, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).

Liu Sijun S Valencia-Jiménez Arnubio A Darlington Molly M Vélez Ana M AM Bonning Bryony C BC

Microbiology resource announcements 20200625 26

The genome of Diabrotica undecimpunctata virus 2 (DuV2), a putative positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus identified from the southern corn rootworm transcriptome, comprises 5,313 nucleotides, including a short poly(A) tail. The two open reading frames encode a nonstructural polyprotein (p156) and a putative capsid protein (p25). ...[more]

PMID: 32586858

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Project description:The EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) for the EU. This subspecies occurs in North and Central America. Adults oviposit on annual plants in the families Asteraceae, Chenopodiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, Poaceae, Polygonaceae and Solanaceae. Adults feed on tender plant parts in hosts in 40 additional botanical families. Preimaginal development takes place on the roots of the host plant, where larvae feed and pupate. D. undecimpunctata howardi is a multivoltine species. Overwintering adults, which may enter a facultative diapause, abandon crops in autumn and reinvade them in spring. D. undecimpunctata howardi is not known to occur in the EU and is regulated in Annex IIA of Commission Implementing Regulation 2019/2072. This species is a competent vector of Erwinia tracheiphila (Smith) Bergey et al., which can cause bacterial wilt, a serious disease of cucurbits. The bacterium, which is restricted to temperate midwestern and eastern North America, is not regulated in the EU. Within Commission Implementing Regulation 2019/2072, potential entry pathways for D. undecimpunctata howardi, such as Asteraceae, Poaceae and Solanaceae plants for planting with foliage and soil/growing medium, and soil/growing media by themselves can be considered as closed. However, plants for planting of the families Chenopodiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae and Polygonaceae are not specifically regulated. Should D. undecimpunctata howardi arrive in the EU, climatic conditions and availability of susceptible hosts provide conditions suitable for establishment and further spread. Economic impact is anticipated in maize and outdoor cucurbit production. D. undecimpunctata howardi satisfies the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for this species to be regarded as a potential Union quarantine pest. This species does not meet the criteria of being present in the EU, nor plants for planting being the main pathway for spread, for it to be regarded as a potential regulated non-quarantine pest.

Project description:The western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is an economically important pest of corn in the northern United States. Some populations have developed resistance to management strategies including transgenic corn that produces insecticidal toxins derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Knowledge of insect dispersal is of critical importance for models of resistance evolution. Larval density affects survival in the field, and stress from crowding often affects facultative long-distance dispersal of adult insects. In this study, we used laboratory flight mills to characterize western corn rootworm flight performance as a function of larval rearing density. Larvae were reared under three densities and the resulting adult females were either allowed to fly voluntarily for 22 h or forced to fly specified durations. For both experiments we also measured lifetime fecundity following flight. The three rearing densities placed differential levels of stress on individuals, as evidenced by decreased survival to adulthood and decreased size of adults at greater rearing density. When larvae were reared under crowded conditions the resulting females were more likely to engage in flight activity, including long uninterrupted flights lasting >10 min, than those reared under low density conditions. Flight and egg production are both energy intensive processes. However, we found no evidence in either voluntary or forced flight experiments of a tradeoff between flight activity and female fecundity. The results suggest that females emerging from high density populations in cornfields are more likely to disperse and disperse farther than those emerging from low density populations. These results are important because they imply that variation in population density in the landscape will affect dispersal, which may in turn require computer models of resistance evolution to incorporate multiple dispersal rates arising from varying larval densities among fields.

Project description:Repeated use of field corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids expressing the Cry3Bb1 and mCry3A traits in Nebraska has selected for field-evolved resistance in some western corn rootworm (WCR; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) populations. Therefore, this study was conducted to characterize spatial variation in local WCR susceptibility to Cry3Bb1 and mCry3A traits in Keith and Buffalo counties, Nebraska, and determine the relationship between past management practices and current WCR susceptibility. Adult WCR populations were collected from sampling grids during 2015 and 2016 and single-plant larval bioassays conducted with F1 progeny documented significant variation in WCR susceptibility to Cry3Bb1 and mCry3A on different spatial scales in both sampling grids. At the local level, results revealed that neighboring cornfields may support WCR populations with very different susceptibility levels, indicating that gene flow of resistant alleles from high trait survival sites is not inundating large areas. A field history index, comprised of additive and weighted variables including past WCR management tactics and agronomic practices, was developed to quantify relative selection pressure in individual fields. The field history index-Cry3 trait survivorship relationship from year 1 data was highly predictive of year 2 Cry3 trait survivorship when year 2 field history indices were inserted into the year 1 base model. Sensitivity analyses indicated years of trait use and associated selection pressure at the local level were the key drivers of WCR susceptibility to Cry3 traits in this system. Retrospective case histories from this study will inform development of optimal resistance management programs and increase understanding of plant-insect interactions that may occur when transgenic corn is deployed in the landscape. Results from this study also support current recommendations to slow or mitigate the evolution of resistance by using a multi-tactic approach to manage WCR densities in individual fields within an integrated pest management framework.

Dataset Information

Diabrotica undecimpunctata virus 2, a Novel Small RNA Virus Discovered from Southern Corn Rootworm, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).

Publications

<i>Diabrotica undecimpunctata virus 2</i>, a Novel Small RNA Virus Discovered from Southern Corn Rootworm, <i>Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi</i> Barber (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).

Similar Datasets

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