Dataset Information

Genetic structure among morphotypes of the endangered Brazilian palm Euterpe edulis Mart (Arecaceae).

ABSTRACT: Euterpe edulis (Arecaceae) Mart has high ecological and economic importance providing food resources for more than 58 species of birds and 20 species of mammals, including humans. E. edulis is the second most exploited nontimber product from Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Due to overexploitation and destruction of habitats, E. edulis is threatened by extinction. Euterpe edulis populations have large morphological variations, with individuals having green, red, or yellow leaf sheath. However, no study has related phenotypic distinctions between populations and their levels of genetic structure. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the diversity and genetic structure of different E. edulis morphotypes. We sampled 250 adult individuals in eight populations with the different morphotypes. Using 14 microsatellite markers, we access genetic diversity through population genetic parameters calculated in the GenAlex program and the diveRsity package in R. We used the Wilcoxon test to verify population bottlenecks and the genetic distance of Nei and Bayesian analysis for genetic clusters. The eight populations showed low allele richness, low observed heterozygosity, and high inbreeding values (f). In addition, six of the eight populations experienced genetic bottlenecks, which would partly explain the low genetic diversity in populations. Cluster analysis identified two clusters (K = 2), with green morphotype genetically distinguishing from yellow and red morphotypes. Thus, we show, for the first time, a strong genetic structure among E. edulis morphotypes even for geographically close populations.

SUBMITTER: Coelho GM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7319139 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Genetic structure among morphotypes of the endangered Brazilian palm Euterpe edulis Mart (Arecaceae).

Coelho Gislaine Mendes GM Santos Alesandro Souza AS de Menezes Ivandilson Pessoa Pinto IPP Tarazi Roberto R Souza Fernanda Maria Oliveira FMO Silva Maria das Graças Conceição Parada Costa MDGCPC Gaiotto Fernanda Amato FA

Ecology and evolution 20200519 12

Euterpe edulis (Arecaceae) Mart has high ecological and economic importance providing food resources for more than 58 species of birds and 20 species of mammals, including humans. E. edulis is the second most exploited nontimber product from Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Due to overexploitation and destruction of habitats, E. edulis is threatened by extinction. Euterpe edulis populations have large morphological variations, with individuals having green, red, or y ...[more]

PMID: 32607211

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Project description:The Brazilian palm fruits and hearts-of-palm of Euterpe edulis, E. oleracea and E. precatoria are an important source for agro-industrial production, due to overexploitation, conservation strategies are required to maintain genetic diversity. Chloroplast genomes have conserved sequences, which are useful to explore evolutionary questions. Besides the plastid DNA, genome skimming allows the identification of other genomic resources, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), providing information about the genetic diversity of species. We sequenced the chloroplast genome and identified gene content in the three Euterpe species. We performed comparative analyses, described the polymorphisms among the chloroplast genome sequences (repeats, indels and SNPs) and performed a phylogenomic inference based on 55 palm species chloroplast genomes. Finally, using the remaining data from genome skimming, the nuclear and mitochondrial reads, we identified SNPs and estimated the genetic diversity among these Euterpe species. The Euterpe chloroplast genomes varied from 159,232 to 159,275 bp and presented a conserved quadripartite structure with high synteny with other palms. In a pairwise comparison, we found a greater number of insertions/deletions (indels = 93 and 103) and SNPs (284 and 254) between E. edulis/E. oleracea and E. edulis/E. precatoria when compared to E. oleracea/E. precatoria (58 indels and 114 SNPs). Also, the phylogeny indicated a closer relationship between E. oleracea/E. precatoria. The nuclear and mitochondrial genome analyses identified 1,077 SNPs and high divergence among species (FST = 0.77), especially between E. edulis and E. precatoria (FST = 0.86). These results showed that, despite the few structural differences among the chloroplast genomes of these Euterpe palms, a differentiation between E. edulis and the other Euterpe species can be identified by point mutations. This study not only brings new knowledge about the evolution of Euterpe chloroplast genomes, but also these new resources open the way for future phylogenomic inferences and comparative analyses within Arecaceae.

Dataset Information

Genetic structure among morphotypes of the endangered Brazilian palm Euterpe edulis Mart (Arecaceae).

Publications

Genetic structure among morphotypes of the endangered Brazilian palm <i>Euterpe edulis</i> Mart (Arecaceae).

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