Dataset Information

Genetic susceptibility, plant-based dietary patterns, and risk of cardiovascular disease.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Plant-based dietary patterns may be related to better cardiovascular profiles. Whether a healthy plant-based dietary index is predictive of future cardiovascular disease (CVD) across people with different genetic susceptibility remains uncertain.

Objective

We investigated associations of adherence to healthy plant-based diets with the incidence of CVD considering the genetic susceptibility.

Methods

This prospective cohort study included a total of 156,148 adults initially free of CVD and cancer. We calculated a healthful plant-based diet index (healthful-PDI) in which healthy plant foods received positive scores, and less healthy plant foods and animal foods received reverse scores. Genetic risk scores (GRSs) for myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke were calculated to assess interactions between healthful-PDI and GRSs.

Results

During 5 y of follow-up, we observed 1812 incident cases of CVD. Higher healthful-PDI was associated with a lower CVD risk [HR per 10-unit increment: 0.87 (95% CI: 0.81, 0.93) after adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and other dietary factors (model 1); HR 0.90 (0.84, 0.97) after further adjusting for obesity and metabolic factors (model 2)]. The risk of CVD was gradually decreased in association with higher adherence to healthful-PDI, regardless of genetic susceptibility. The inverse associations of healthful-PDI with CVD were consistently observed in people with low GRS-MI [HR 0.85 (95% CI: 0.76, 0.94) in model 1; HR 0.88 (0.79, 0.97) in model 2] and those with high GRS-MI [HR 0.91 (0.82, 0.99) in model 1; HR 0.94 (0.86, 1.04) in model 2], without significant interactions (Pinteraction = 0.59 in model 1; Pinteraction = 0.66 in model 2). Similarly, higher healthful-PDI was related to a lower risk of CVD, regardless of low/high GRS-stroke.

Conclusion

Adherence to healthy plant-based diets may be associated with a decreased incidence of CVD in the entire population, suggesting that plant-based dietary patterns may modify the risk of CVD, regardless of genetic susceptibility.

SUBMITTER: Heianza Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7326589 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Background & aimsPeople with a higher genetic risk for obesity are more likely to develop cardiovascular disease (CVD), and healthy plant-based dietary patterns may be associated with decreased risks of obesity and cardiovascular events. We investigated whether adherence to healthy plant-foods-rich dietary patterns might attenuate risks of obesity and related cardiovascular abnormalities for people at genetically higher risk of obesity.MethodsThis study included 121,799 middle-aged adults in UK Biobank who were initially free of metabolic diseases and cancer. We calculated a healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI) based on 17 major food groups as well as a genetic risk score (GRS) for obesity consisting of body mass index (BMI)-associated variants. The incidence of cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, MI, or stroke) was prospectively followed during a mean (SD) 5.1 (0.9) years.ResultsWe found significant interactions between GRS and hPDI on adiposity (Pinteraction <0.0001); adherence to hPDI was more strongly associated with lower levels of adiposity among participants with higher GRS than those with lower GRS. Further, we found a similar pattern of GRS-hPDI interactions on untreated hypertension (Pinteraction = 0.0036). When we tested GRS-hPDI interactions on cardiovascular events, adherence to hPDI was more strongly associated with a decreased risk of MI among people with high GRS (above median) than those with low GRS (Pinteraction = 0.006). Among participants with high GRS, high adherence to hPDI (the top tertile of hPDI) was associated with an HR 0.54 (95% CI: 0.39, 0.74) for MI, as compared to low adherence.ConclusionsAdherence to healthy plant-based dietary patterns significantly attenuated risks of cardiovascular abnormalities for people at genetically higher risk of obesity. Our results support the precision medicine strategies considering genetics and dietary habits to modify cardiovascular health for people at higher risk of genetically determined obesity.