The roles of PPAR? and its agonists in autoimmune diseases: A comprehensive review.

ABSTRACT: Autoimmune diseases are common diseases of the immune system that are characterized by the loss of self-tolerance and the production of autoantibodies; the breakdown of immune tolerance and the prolonged inflammatory reaction are undisputedly core steps in the initiation and maintenance of autoimmunity. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-dependent transcription factors that belong to the nuclear hormone receptor family and act as ligand-activated transcription factors. There are three different isotypes of PPARs: PPAR?, PPAR?, and PPAR?/?. PPAR? is an established regulator of glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. Recent studies have demonstrated that PPAR? exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects in multiple disease models. PPAR? can also modulate the activation and polarization of macrophages, regulate the function of dendritic cells and mediate T cell survival, activation, and differentiation. In this review, we summarize the signaling pathways and biological functions of PPAR? and focus on how PPAR? and its agonists play protective roles in autoimmune diseases, including autoimmune thyroid diseases, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, primary Sjogren syndrome and primary biliary cirrhosis.

SUBMITTER: Liu Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7327470 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature