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Is Canadian federal legislation effective in preventing youth access to vaping initiation products? A study using secret shoppers and online access in three Alberta cities.

ABSTRACT: The Tobacco and Vaping Products Act (Canada, 1997) (the “TVPA”) aims to protect the health of young persons by restricting access to vaping products. We studied whether the TVPA achieves this goal by sending young ‘secret shoppers’ to 120 shops in Calgary, Edmonton, and Red Deer to attempt to buy nicotine-based vaping-initiation products, and by asking minors to purchase the same product online. We used three ‘improper’ shop scenarios: 1. a minor or minors; 2. a young adult with no or invalid identification (“ID”); and 3. a young adult with valid ID but clearly buying for an accompanying minor. Of total vendors, 42.5% (51/120) were willing to sell to the young people (p < .001). Most vendors requested ID in all scenarios (97/120, 80.8%). Of these, 28 vendors (28.9% of those requesting ID), were still willing to sell the product. All vendors who did not request ID (23/120, 19.2%) were willing to sell; vape shops were more likely than convenience stores not to request ID (25.4% v. 13.1%). In five online purchase attempts, 60% of deliverers did not meet the TVPA’s ID verification requirements. The TVPA does not require packages to reveal their contents; one parent inadvertently signed for the parcel. To prevent youth access, the TVPA should require: a minimum nicotine product purchase age of 21, positive obligations on vendors to request ID, prohibition of sales to adults buying for minors, and that manufacturers disclose the product on posted or delivered parcels. The TVPA should be strictly enforced.

SUBMITTER: Kilcommons S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7327845 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Under- and over nutrition as well as nutrition risk factors such as communicable and non-communicable diseases are a common and major cause of morbidity and mortality in correctional facilities. Consequently, medical nutrition therapy (MNT), a spectrum of nutrition services aimed at optimizing individual well-being, is being recognized as integral to the health of people who experience incarceration. However, there is a paucity of research that explores the delivery of MNT in correctional facilities. METHODS:A scoping review combined with secondary analysis of qualitative data (field notes, in-depth stakeholder interviews) from a 2-year ethnographic study about food insecurity and incarceration was undertaken to gain insights about the delivery of corrections-based MNT in Canada. Thematic analysis of all documents was done using an interpretive framework. RESULTS:An understanding about MNT was developed within three themes: 1) specialized service provision in a unique environment; 2) challenges with the provision of MNT; and 3) consideration of corrections-based MNT alternatives. An incarcerated individual's nutritional health was conceptualized as culminating from various factors that included dietary intake and health status, enabling environments, access to quality health services, and clinical nutrition services. Nutrition care practices, which range from health promotion to rehabilitation, are challenged by issues of access, visibility, adequacy, and environmental barriers. Their success is dependent on demand (e.g., ability of recipient to act) and factors that enable quality health and food services. Advancing corrections-based MNT will require policies that provide supportive food and health environments and creating sustainable services by integrating alternatives such as peer approaches and telehealth. CONCLUSIONS:Professional associations, government, researchers and other stakeholders can help to strengthen corrections-based MNT by fostering shifts in thinking about the role of health practitioners in these contexts, preparing future health professionals with the specialized skills needed to work in these environments, generating evidence that can best inform practice, and cultivating collaborations aimed at crime prevention, successful societal reintegration, and the reduction of recidivism.

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Is Canadian federal legislation effective in preventing youth access to vaping initiation products? A study using secret shoppers and online access in three Alberta cities.

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