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Maternal and cohort effects modulate offspring responses to multiple stressors.

ABSTRACT: Current concerns about climate change have led to intensive research attempting to understand how climate-driven stressors affect the performance of organisms, in particular the offspring of many invertebrates and fishes. Although stressors are likely to act on several stages of the life cycle, little is known about their action across life phases, for instance how multiple stressors experienced simultaneously in the maternal environment can modulate the responses to the same stressors operating in the offspring environment. Here, we study how performance of offspring of a marine invertebrate (shore crab Carcinus maenas) changes in response to two stressors (temperature and salinity) experienced during embryogenesis in brooding mothers from different seasons. On average, offspring responses were antagonistic: high temperature mitigated the negative effects of low salinity on survival. However, the magnitude of the response was modulated by the temperature and salinity conditions experienced by egg-carrying mothers. Performance also varied among cohorts, perhaps reflecting genetic variation, and/or maternal conditions prior to embryogenesis. This study contributes towards the understanding of how anthropogenic modification of the maternal environment drives offspring performance in brooders.

SUBMITTER: Torres G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7329052 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Maternal and cohort effects modulate offspring responses to multiple stressors.

Torres Gabriela G Thomas David N DN Whiteley Nia M NM Wilcockson David D Giménez Luis L

Proceedings. Biological sciences 20200617 1929

Current concerns about climate change have led to intensive research attempting to understand how climate-driven stressors affect the performance of organisms, in particular the offspring of many invertebrates and fishes. Although stressors are likely to act on several stages of the life cycle, little is known about their action across life phases, for instance how multiple stressors experienced simultaneously in the maternal environment can modulate the responses to the same stressors operating ...[more]

PMID: 32546091

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Project description:We assessed how multi- and univariate models reflect marine environmental health based on macrobenthic community responses to three environmental stressor categories: hydrodynamics, organic enrichment and metal contamination. We then compared the models with the benthic index AMBI (AZTI Marine Biotic Index). Macrobenthic community and physicochemical variables were sampled at 35 sites along Babitonga Bay, a subtropical estuary in Southern Brazil. Distance-based linear modelling identified depth, grain size and organic matter as well as Cu and Zn as key stressors affecting the macrobenthos. Using canonical analysis of principal coordinates (CAP), we developed three multivariate models based on the variability in community composition, creating stress gradients. The metal gradient showed better correlation with the benthic community. Sediment quality indices (Geoaccumulation Index and Contamination Factor) showed a low to moderate contamination status, with higher concentrations for Cr, Ni and Zn at the inner areas of the bay. According to AMBI, Babitonga Bay has a "good" environmental health status, and the AMBI values show stronger correlations with the hydrodynamic and organic enrichment gradients (r = 0.50 and r = 0.47) rather than the metal gradient (r = 0.29). Lumbrineridae polychaetes (not included in the AMBI list) and Scoloplos sp. were negatively related to the metal contamination gradient and were considered sensitive, while Sigambra sp., Magelona papillicornis, the gastropod Heleobia australis and species of the crustacean order Mysida were positively related to the gradient and considered tolerant to higher concentrations of metals in the sediment. Despite the inconsistency in the ecological classification provided by AMBI and its relationship with the metal gradient, our results suggest that the environmental quality was satisfactory for the studied gradients. The metal gradient showed the weakest correlation to AMBI. In such cases, the ecological classification of taxa by the index should be evaluated under the perspective of the action of inorganic genotoxic contaminants represented by metals.

Project description:BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:Maternal glycaemia promotes fetal adiposity. Inositol, an insulin sensitizer, has been trialled for gestational diabetes prevention. The placenta has been implicated in how maternal hyperglycaemia generates fetal pathophysiology, but no studies have examined whether placental inositol biology is altered with maternal hyperglycaemia, nor whether such alterations impact fetal physiology. We aimed to investigate whether the effects of maternal glycaemia on offspring birthweight and adiposity at birth differed across placental inositol levels. METHODS:Using longitudinal data from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes cohort, maternal fasting glucose (FPG) and 2-hour plasma glucose (2hPG) were obtained in pregnant women by a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test around 26 weeks' gestation. Relative placental inositol was quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Primary outcomes were birthweight (n?=?884) and abdominal adipose tissue (AAT) volumes measured by neonatal MRI scanning in a subset (n?=?262) of term singleton pregnancies. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed. RESULTS:Placental inositol was lower in those with higher 2hPG, no exposure to tobacco smoke antenatally, with vaginal delivery and shorter gestation. Positive associations of FPG with birthweight (adjusted ? [95% CI] 164.8?g [109.1, 220.5]) and AAT (17.3?ml [11.9, 22.6] per mmol glucose) were observed, with significant interactions between inositol tertiles and FPG in relation to these outcomes (p?<?0.05). Stratification by inositol tertiles showed that each mmol/L increase in FPG was associated with increased birthweight and AAT volume among cases within the lowest (birthweight?=?174.2?g [81.2, 267.2], AAT?=?21.0?ml [13.1, 28.8]) and middle inositol tertiles (birthweight?=?202.0?g [103.8, 300.1], AAT?=?19.7?ml [9.7, 29.7]). However, no significant association was found among cases within the highest tertile (birthweight?=?81.0?g [-21.2, 183.2], AAT?=?0.8?ml [-8.4, 10.0]). CONCLUSIONS:High placental inositol may protect the fetus from the pro-adipogenic effects of maternal glycaemia. Studies are warranted to investigate whether prenatal inositol supplementation can increase placental inositol and reduce fetal adiposity.

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Maternal and cohort effects modulate offspring responses to multiple stressors.

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Maternal and cohort effects modulate offspring responses to multiple stressors.

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