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Reduced auditory steady state responses in autism spectrum disorder.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Auditory steady state responses (ASSRs) are elicited by clicktrains or amplitude-modulated tones, which entrain auditory cortex at their specific modulation rate. Previous research has reported reductions in ASSRs at 40?Hz for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) participants and first-degree relatives of people diagnosed with ASD (Mol Autism. 2011;2:11, Biol Psychiatry. 2007;62:192-197). METHODS:Using a 1.5?s-long auditory clicktrain stimulus, designed to elicit an ASSR at 40?Hz, this study attempted to replicate and extend these findings. Magnetencephalography (MEG) data were collected from 18 adolescent ASD participants and 18 typically developing controls. RESULTS:The ASSR localised to bilateral primary auditory regions. Regions of interest were thus defined in left and right primary auditory cortex (A1). While the transient gamma-band response (tGBR) from 0-0.1?s following presentation of the clicktrain stimulus was not different between groups, for either left or right A1, the ASD group had reduced oscillatory power at 40?Hz from 0.5 to 1.5?s post-stimulus onset, for both left and right A1. Additionally, the ASD group had reduced inter-trial coherence (phase consistency over trials) at 40?Hz from 0.64-0.82?s for right A1 and 1.04-1.22?s for left A1. LIMITATIONS:In this study, we did not conduct a clinical autism assessment (e.g. the ADOS), and therefore, it remains unclear whether ASSR power and/or ITC are associated with the clinical symptoms of ASD. CONCLUSION:Overall, our results support a specific reduction in ASSR oscillatory power and inter-trial coherence in ASD, rather than a generalised deficit in gamma-band responses. We argue that this could reflect a developmentally relevant reduction in non-linear neural processing.

SUBMITTER: Seymour RA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7329477 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Reduced auditory steady state responses in autism spectrum disorder.

Seymour R A RA Rippon G G Gooding-Williams G G Sowman P F PF Kessler K K

Molecular autism 20200701 1

<h4>Background</h4>Auditory steady state responses (ASSRs) are elicited by clicktrains or amplitude-modulated tones, which entrain auditory cortex at their specific modulation rate. Previous research has reported reductions in ASSRs at 40 Hz for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) participants and first-degree relatives of people diagnosed with ASD (Mol Autism. 2011;2:11, Biol Psychiatry. 2007;62:192-197).<h4>Methods</h4>Using a 1.5 s-long auditory clicktrain stimulus, designed to elicit an ASSR at 4 ...[more]

PMID: 32611372

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Project description:Behavior does not differentiate ASD risk prior to 12 months of age, but biomarkers may inform risk before symptoms emerge. Click-evoked auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) may be worth consideration due to their measurement properties (noninvasiveness; reliability) and conceptual features (well-characterized neural generators), but participant characteristics and assessment protocols vary considerably across studies. Our goal is to perform a meta-analysis of the association between ABRs and ASD. Following an electronic database search (PubMed, Medline, PsycInfo, PsycArticles), we included papers that were written in English, included ASD and typically-developing (TD) groups, and reported the information needed to calculate standardized mean differences (Hedges's g) for at least one ABR latency component (I, III, V, I-III, III-V, I-V). We weighted and averaged effect sizes across conditions and subsets of participants to yield one estimate per component per study. We then performed random-effects regressions to generate component-specific estimates. ASD was associated with longer ABR latencies for Waves III (g?=?0.5, 95% CI 0.1, 0.9), V (g?=?0.7, 95% CI 0.3, 1.1), I-III (g?=?0.7, 95% CI 0.2, 1.2), and I-V (g?=?0.6, 95% CI 0.2, 1.0). All components showed significant heterogeneity. Associations were strongest among participants ?8 years of age and those without middle ear abnormalities or elevated auditory thresholds. In sum, associations between ABRs and ASD are medium-to-large in size, but exhibit heterogeneity. Identifying sources of heterogeneity is challenging, however, due to power limitations and co-occurrence of sample/design characteristics across studies. Research addressing the above limitations is crucial to determining the etiologic and/or prognostic value of ABRs for ASD. Autism Res 2018, 11: 916-927. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY:Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) may be associated with ASD, but participant characteristics and assessment protocols vary considerably across individual studies. Our goal is to combine the results across these studies to facilitate clarity on the topic. Doing so represents a first step in evaluating whether ABRs yield potential for informing the etiology of ASD risk and/or ASD symptom profiles.

Dataset Information

Reduced auditory steady state responses in autism spectrum disorder.

Publications

Reduced auditory steady state responses in autism spectrum disorder.

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