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Sulforaphane elicts dual therapeutic effects on Renal Inflammatory Injury and crystal deposition in Calcium Oxalate Nephrocalcinosis.

ABSTRACT: Intrarenal calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals induce renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) injury and inflammation, which involve Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) signaling. Additionally, infiltrating macrophages (Mϕs) might influence intrarenal CaOx crystals and CaOx-induced renal injury. Although the roles of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in regulating inflammation and macrophage polarization are well characterized, its potential mechanisms in regulating CaOx nephrocalcinosis remain undefined. Methods: We used a Gene Expression Omnibus dataset to analyze gene-expression profiles. Luciferase reporter, western blot, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence staining, fluorescence in situ hybridization, positron emission tomography computed tomography imaging, flow cytometry, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were employed to study the mechanism of miR-93-TLR4/IRF1 regulation by Nrf2. Anti-inflammatory activity and regulation of macrophage polarization by Nrf2 were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Results: We found that stone-mediated kidney inflammation significantly affected stone growth, and that sulforaphane attenuated CaOx nephrocalcinosis-induced kidney injury and renal CaOx crystals deposition. Additionally, Nrf2 levels significantly increased and negatively correlated with TLR4 and IRF1 levels in a mouse model of CaOx nephrocalcinosis following sulforaphane treatment. Moreover, Nrf2 suppressed TLR4 and IRF1 levels and decreased M1-macrophage polarization which induced by supernatants from COM-stimulated TECs in vitro. In terms of mechanism, transcription factor analyses, microRNA microarray, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that Nrf2 exhibited positive transcriptional activation of miR-93-5p. In addition, Luciferase reporter, qRT-PCR, and western blot validated that miR-93-5p targets TLR4 and IRF1 mRNA. Furthermore, suppressed miR-93-5p expression partially reversed Nrf2-dependent TLR4/IRF1 downregulation. Conclusions: The results suggested that sulforaphane might promote M2Mϕ polarization and inhibit CaOx nephrocalcinosis-induced inflammatory injury to renal tubular epithelial cells via the Nrf2-miR-93-TLR4/IRF1 pathway in vitro and in vivo.

SUBMITTER: Liu H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7330860 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Intrarenal calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals induce inflammation and kidney tubular cell injury, which are processes that involve TLR4/NF-?B signalling. A recent genome-wide gene expression profile analysis of Randall's plaques in CaOx stone patients revealed that the expression of the long noncoding RNA H19 was significantly upregulated. However, to date, its role in kidney CaOx stones has not been reported. METHOD:A Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset was utilized to analyse gene expression profiles. Luciferase reporter, Western blotting, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence staining and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays were employed to study the molecular mechanism of HMGB1/TLR4/NF-?B regulation by H19 and miR-216b. In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to further confirm the proinflammatory and prooxidative stress effects. FINDING:H19 expression was significantly increased and positively correlated with the expression levels of HMGB1, TLR4 and NF-?B in Randall's plaques and glyoxylate-induced CaOx nephrocalcinosis mouse models. H19 interacted with miR-216b and suppressed its expression. Additionally, miR-216b inhibited HMGB1 expression by directly binding its 3'-untranslated region. Moreover, H19 downregulation inhibited HMGB1, TLR4 and NF-?B expression and suppressed CaOx nephrocalcinosis-induced renal tubular epithelial cell injury, NADPH oxidase, and oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro. Interestingly, miR-216b inhibition partially reversed the inhibitory effect of H19 knockdown on HMGB1 expression. INTERPRETATION:We determined that H19 might serve as a facilitator in the process of CaOx nephrocalcinosis-induced oxidative stress and renal tubular epithelial cell injury, and we revealed that the interaction between H19 and miR-216b could exert its effect via the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-?B pathway. FUNDING:This work was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Nos. 8196030190, 8190033175, 81370805, 81470935, 81900645, 81500534, and 81602236).

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Sulforaphane elicts dual therapeutic effects on Renal Inflammatory Injury and crystal deposition in Calcium Oxalate Nephrocalcinosis.

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