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Muscle-bone crosstalk and potential therapies for sarco-osteoporosis.

ABSTRACT: The nature of muscle-bone crosstalk has been historically considered to be only mechanical, where the muscle is the load applier while bone provides the attachment sites. However, this dogma has been challenged with the emerging notion that bone and muscle act as secretory endocrine organs affect the function of each other. Biochemical crosstalk occurs through myokines such as myostatin, irisin, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-7, IL-15, insulin-like growth factor-1, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2, and ?-aminoisobutyric acid and through bone-derived factors including FGF23, prostaglandin E2 , transforming growth factor ?, osteocalcin, and sclerostin. Aside from the biochemical and mechanical interaction, additional factors including aging, circadian rhythm, nervous system network, nutrition intake, and exosomes also have effects on bone-muscle crosstalk. Here, we summarize the current research progress in the area, which may be conductive to identify potential novel therapies for the osteoporosis and sarcopenia, especially when they develop in parallel.

SUBMITTER: Li G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7331460 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Muscle-bone crosstalk and potential therapies for sarco-osteoporosis.

Li GuoBin G Zhang Lan L Wang DongEn D AIQudsy Luban L Jiang Jean X JX Xu HuiYun H Shang Peng P

Journal of cellular biochemistry 20190520 9

The nature of muscle-bone crosstalk has been historically considered to be only mechanical, where the muscle is the load applier while bone provides the attachment sites. However, this dogma has been challenged with the emerging notion that bone and muscle act as secretory endocrine organs affect the function of each other. Biochemical crosstalk occurs through myokines such as myostatin, irisin, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-7, IL-15, insulin-like growth factor-1, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2, and ...[more]

PMID: 31106446

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Project description:Bone and muscle have been recognized as endocrine organs since they produce and secrete "hormone-like factors" that can mutually influence each other and other tissues, giving rise to a "bone-muscle crosstalk". In our study, we made use of myogenic (C2C12 cells) and osteogenic (2T3 cells) cell lines to investigate the effects of muscle cell-produced factors on the maturation process of osteoblasts. We found that the myogenic medium has inhibitory effects on bone cell differentiation and we identified sclerostin as one of the myokines produced by muscle cells. Sclerostin is a secreted glycoprotein reportedly expressed by bone/cartilage cells and is considered a negative regulator of bone growth due to its role as an antagonist of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Given the inhibitory role of sclerostin in bone, we analyzed its expression by muscle cells and how it affects bone formation and homeostasis. Firstly, we characterized and quantified sclerostin synthesis by a myoblast cell line (C2C12) and by murine primary muscle cells by Western blotting, real-time PCR, immunofluorescence, and ELISA assay. Next, we investigated in vivo production of sclerostin in distinct muscle groups with different metabolic and mechanical loading characteristics. This analysis was done in mice of different ages (6 weeks, 5 and 18 months after birth) and revealed that sclerostin expression is dynamically modulated in a muscle-specific way during the lifespan. Finally, we transiently expressed sclerostin in the hind limb muscles of young mice (2 weeks of age) via in vivo electro-transfer of a plasmid containing the SOST gene in order to investigate the effects of muscle-specific overproduction of the protein. Our data disclosed an inhibitory role of the muscular sclerostin on the bones adjacent to the electroporated muscles. This observation suggests that sclerostin released by skeletal muscle might synergistically interact with osseous sclerostin and potentiate negative regulation of osteogenesis possibly by acting in a paracrine/local fashion. Our data point out a role for muscle as a new source of sclerostin.

Dataset Information

Muscle-bone crosstalk and potential therapies for sarco-osteoporosis.

Publications

Muscle-bone crosstalk and potential therapies for sarco-osteoporosis.

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