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Severe Influenza Is Characterized by Prolonged Immune Activation: Results From the SHIVERS Cohort Study.

ABSTRACT: Background:The immunologic factors underlying severe influenza are poorly understood. To address this, we compared the immune responses of influenza-confirmed hospitalized individuals with severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) to those of nonhospitalized individuals with influenza-like illness (ILI). Methods:Peripheral blood lymphocytes were collected from 27 patients with ILI and 27 with SARI, at time of enrollment and then 2 weeks later. Innate and adaptive cellular immune responses were assessed by flow cytometry, and serum cytokine levels were assessed by a bead-based assay. Results:During the acute phase, SARI was associated with significantly reduced numbers of circulating myeloid dendritic cells, CD192+ monocytes, and influenza virus-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells as compared to ILI. By the convalescent phase, however, most SARI cases displayed continued immune activation characterized by increased numbers of CD16+ monocytes and proliferating, and influenza virus-specific, CD8+ T cells as compared to ILI cases. SARI was also associated with reduced amounts of cytokines that regulate T-cell responses (ie, interleukin 4, interleukin 13, interleukin 12, interleukin 10, and tumor necrosis factor ?) and hematopoiesis (interleukin 3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) but increased amounts of a proinflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor ?), chemotactic cytokines (MDC, MCP-1, GRO, and fractalkine), and growth-promoting cytokines (PDGFBB/AA, VEGF, and EGF) as compared to ILI. Conclusions:Severe influenza cases showed a delay in the peripheral immune activation that likely led prolonged inflammation, compared with mild influenza cases.

SUBMITTER: Wong SS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7335675 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Severe Influenza Is Characterized by Prolonged Immune Activation: Results From the SHIVERS Cohort Study.

Wong Sook-San SS Oshansky Christine M CM Guo Xi-Zhi J XJ Ralston Jacqui J Wood Timothy T Seeds Ruth R Newbern Claire C Waite Ben B Reynolds Gary G Widdowson Marc-Alain MA Huang Q Sue QS Webby Richard J RJ Thomas Paul G PG

The Journal of infectious diseases 20180101 2

<h4>Background</h4>The immunologic factors underlying severe influenza are poorly understood. To address this, we compared the immune responses of influenza-confirmed hospitalized individuals with severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) to those of nonhospitalized individuals with influenza-like illness (ILI).<h4>Methods</h4>Peripheral blood lymphocytes were collected from 27 patients with ILI and 27 with SARI, at time of enrollment and then 2 weeks later. Innate and adaptive cellular immune res ...[more]

PMID: 29112724

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Severe Influenza Is Characterized by Prolonged Immune Activation: Results From the SHIVERS Cohort Study.

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Severe Influenza Is Characterized by Prolonged Immune Activation: Results From the SHIVERS Cohort Study.

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