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Synergistically applying 1-D modeling and CFD for designing industrial scale bubble column syngas bioreactors.

ABSTRACT: The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and future perspectives of circular economy ask for new solutions to produce commodities and fine chemicals. Large-scale bubble columns operated by gaseous substrates such as CO, CO2, and H2 to feed acetogens for product formations could be promising approaches. Valid in silico predictions of large-scale performance are needed to dimension bioreactors properly taking into account biological constraints, too. This contribution deals with the trade-off between sophisticated spatiotemporally resolved large-scale simulations using computationally intensive Euler-Euler and Euler-Lagrange approaches and coarse-grained 1-D models enabling fast performance evaluations. It is shown that proper consideration of gas hold-up is key to predict biological performance. Intrinsic bias of 1-D models can be compensated by reconsideration of Sauter diameters derived from uniquely performed Euler-Lagrange computational fluid dynamics.

SUBMITTER: Siebler F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7336164 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Synergistically applying 1-D modeling and CFD for designing industrial scale bubble column syngas bioreactors.

Siebler Flora F Lapin Alexey A Takors Ralf R

Engineering in life sciences 20200213 7

The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and future perspectives of circular economy ask for new solutions to produce commodities and fine chemicals. Large-scale bubble columns operated by gaseous substrates such as CO, CO<sub>2</sub>, and H<sub>2</sub> to feed acetogens for product formations could be promising approaches. Valid in silico predictions of large-scale performance are needed to dimension bioreactors properly taking into account biological constraints, too. This contribution deals ...[more]

PMID: 32647503

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Project description:BackgroundEthanol production through fermentation of gas mixtures containing CO, CO2 and H2 has just started operating at commercial scale. However, quantitative schemes for understanding and predicting productivities, yields, mass transfer rates, gas flow profiles and detailed energy requirements have been lacking in literature; such are invaluable tools for process improvements and better systems design. The present study describes the construction of a hybrid model for simulating ethanol production inside a 700 m3 bubble column bioreactor fed with gas of two possible compositions, i.e., pure CO and a 3:1 mixture of H2 and CO2.ResultsEstimations made using the thermodynamics-based black-box model of microbial reactions on substrate threshold concentrations, biomass yields, as well as CO and H2 maximum specific uptake rates agreed reasonably well with data and observations reported in literature. According to the bioreactor simulation, there is a strong dependency of process performance on mass transfer rates. When mass transfer coefficients were estimated using a model developed from oxygen transfer to water, ethanol productivity reached 5.1 g L-1 h-1; when the H2/CO2 mixture is fed to the bioreactor, productivity of CO fermentation was 19% lower. Gas utilization reached 23 and 17% for H2/CO2 and CO fermentations, respectively. If mass transfer coefficients were 100% higher than those estimated, ethanol productivity and gas utilization may reach 9.4 g L-1 h-1 and 38% when feeding the H2/CO2 mixture at the same process conditions. The largest energetic requirements for a complete manufacturing plant were identified for gas compression and ethanol distillation, being higher for CO fermentation due to the production of CO2.ConclusionsThe thermodynamics-based black-box model of microbial reactions may be used to quantitatively assess and consolidate the diversity of reported data on CO, CO2 and H2 threshold concentrations, biomass yields, maximum substrate uptake rates, and half-saturation constants for CO and H2 for syngas fermentations by acetogenic bacteria. The maximization of ethanol productivity in the bioreactor may come with a cost: low gas utilization. Exploiting the model flexibility, multi-objective optimizations of bioreactor performance might reveal how process conditions and configurations could be adjusted to guide further process development.

Project description:BackgroundGiven the potential of intersectionality to identify the causes of inequalities, there is a growing tendency toward applying it in the field of health. Nevertheless, the extent of the application of intersectionality in designing and implementing health interventions is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the extent to which previous studies have applied intersectionality and its principles in designing and implementing health interventions.MethodsThe title and abstract of the articles which were published in different databases e.g. PubMed, Web of Science, Proquest, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane, and PsychInfo were screened. Those articles that met the screening criteria were reviewed in full text. The data about the application of principles of intersectionality, according to the stages heuristic model (problem identification, design & implementation, and evaluation), were extracted through a 38-item researcher-made checklist.ResultsInitially, 2677 articles were found through reviewing the target databases. After removing the duplicated ones and screening the titles and abstracts of 1601 studies, 107 articles were selected to be reviewed in detail and 4 articles could meet the criteria. The most frequently considered intersectionality principles were "intersecting categories" and "power", particularly at the stages of 'problem identification' as well as 'design & implementation'. The results showed that "multilevel analysis" principle received less attention; most of the studies conducted the interventions at the micro level and did not aim at bringing about change at structural levels. There was a lack of clarity regarding the attention to some of the main items of principles such as "reflexivity" as well as "social justice and equity". These principles might have been implemented in the selected articles; however, the authors have not explicitly discussed them in their studies.ConclusionsGiven the small number of included studies, there is still insufficient evidence within empirical studies to show the implication of intersectionality in designing and conducting health interventions. To operationalize the intersectionality, there is a need to address the principles at various stages of health policies and interventions. To this end, designing and availability of user-friendly tools may help researchers and health policymakers appropriately apply the intersectionality.

Dataset Information

Synergistically applying 1-D modeling and CFD for designing industrial scale bubble column syngas bioreactors.

Publications

Synergistically applying 1-D modeling and CFD for designing industrial scale bubble column syngas bioreactors.

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