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TrkA overexpression in non-tumorigenic human breast cell lines confers oncogenic and metastatic properties.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE:TrkA overexpression occurs in over 20% of breast cancers, including triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC), and has recently been recognized as a potential driver of carcinogenesis. Recent clinical trials of pan-Trk inhibitors have demonstrated targeted activity against tumors harboring NTRK fusions, a relatively rare alteration across human cancers. Despite this success, current clinical trials have not investigated TrkA overexpression as an additional therapeutic target for pan-Trk inhibitors. Here, we evaluate the cancerous phenotypes of TrkA overexpression relative to NTRK1 fusions in human cells and assess response to pharmacologic Trk inhibition. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN/METHODS:To evaluate the clinical utility of TrkA overexpression, a panel of TrkA overexpressing cells were developed via stable transfection of an NTRK1 vector into the non-tumorigenic breast cell lines, MCF10A and hTERT-IMEC. A panel of positive controls was generated via stable transfection with a CD74-NTRK1 fusion vector into MCF10A cells. Cells were assessed via various in vitro and in vivo analyses to determine the transformative potential and targetability of TrkA overexpression. RESULTS:TrkA overexpressing cells demonstrated transformative phenotypes similar to Trk fusions, indicating increased oncogenic potential. TrkA overexpressing cells demonstrated growth factor-independent proliferation, increased PI3Kinase and MAPKinase pathway activation, anchorage-independent growth, and increased migratory capacity. These phenotypes were abrogated by the addition of the pan-Trk inhibitor, larotrectinib. In vivo analysis demonstrated increased tumorgenicity and metastatic potential of TrkA overexpressing breast cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS:Herein, we demonstrate TrkA overexpressing cells show increased tumorgenicity and are sensitive to pan-Trk inhibitors. These data suggest that TrkA overexpression may be an additional target for pan-Trk inhibitors and provide a targeted therapy for breast cancer patients.

SUBMITTER: Kyker-Snowman K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7337566 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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TrkA overexpression in non-tumorigenic human breast cell lines confers oncogenic and metastatic properties.

Kyker-Snowman Kelly K Hughes Robert M RM Yankaskas Christopher L CL Cravero Karen K Karthikeyan Swathi S Button Berry B Waters Ian I Rosen David Marc DM Dennison Lauren L Hunter Natasha N Donaldson Josh J Christenson Eric S ES Konstantopoulos Konstantinos K Hurley Paula J PJ Croessmann Sarah S Park Ben Ho BH

Breast cancer research and treatment 20191210 3

<h4>Background/purpose</h4>TrkA overexpression occurs in over 20% of breast cancers, including triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC), and has recently been recognized as a potential driver of carcinogenesis. Recent clinical trials of pan-Trk inhibitors have demonstrated targeted activity against tumors harboring NTRK fusions, a relatively rare alteration across human cancers. Despite this success, current clinical trials have not investigated TrkA overexpression as an additional therapeutic targ ...[more]

PMID: 31823098

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Project description:BackgroundCeramide, a bioactive signaling sphingolipid, has long been implicated in cancer. Members of the ceramide synthase (CerS) family determine the acyl chain lengths of ceramides, with ceramide synthase 4 (CerS4) primarily generating C18-C20-ceramide. Although CerS4 is known to be overexpressed in breast cancer, its role in breast cancer pathogenesis is not well established.MethodsTo investigate the role of CerS4 in breast cancer, public datasets, including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and two Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets (GSE115577 and GSE96058) were analyzed. Furthermore, MCF-7 cells stably overexpressing CerS4 (MCF-7/CerS4) as a model for luminal subtype A (LumA) breast cancer were produced, and doxorubicin (also known as Adriamycin [AD])-resistant MCF-7/ADR cells were generated after prolonged treatment of MCF-7 cells with doxorubicin. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis assessed the clinical significance of CERS4 expression, while Student's t-tests or Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) compared gene expression and cell viability in different MCF-7 cell lines.ResultsAnalysis of the public datasets revealed elevated CERS4 expression in breast cancer, especially in the most common breast cancer subtype, LumA. Persistent CerS4 overexpression in MCF-7 cells activated multiple cancer-associated pathways, including pathways involving sterol regulatory element-binding protein, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and β-catenin. Furthermore, MCF-7/CerS4 cells acquired doxorubicin, paclitaxel, and tamoxifen resistance, with concomitant upregulation of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes, such as ABCB1, ABCC1, ABCC2, ABCC4, and ABCG2. MCF-7/CerS4 cells were characterized by increased cell migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Finally, CERS4 knockdown in doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7/ADR cells resulted in reduced activation of cancer-associated pathways (NF-κB, Akt/mTOR, β-catenin, and EMT) and diminished chemoresistance, accompanied by ABCB1 and ABCC1 downregulation.ConclusionsChronic CerS4 overexpression may exert oncogenic effects in breast cancer via alterations in signaling, EMT, and chemoresistance. Therefore, CerS4 may represent an attractive target for anticancer therapy, especially in LumA breast cancer.

Project description:Mitochondrial-nucleus cross talks and mitochondrial retrograde regulation can play a significant role in cellular properties. Transmitochondrial cybrid systems (cybrids) are an excellent tool to study specific effects of altered mitochondria under a defined nuclear background. The majority of the studies using the cybrid model focused on the significance of specific mitochondrial DNA variations in mitochondrial function or tumor properties. However, most of these variants are benign polymorphisms without known functional significance. From an objective of rectifying mitochondrial defects in cancer cells and to establish mitochondria as a potential anticancer drug target, understanding the role of functional mitochondria in reversing oncogenic properties under a cancer nuclear background is very important. Here we analyzed the potential reversal of oncogenic properties of a highly metastatic cell line with the introduction of non-cancerous mitochondria. Cybrids were established by fusing the mitochondria DNA depleted 143B TK- ?0 cells from an aggressive osteosarcoma cell line with mitochondria from benign breast epithelial cell line MCF10A, moderately metastatic breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-468 and 143B cells. In spite of the uniform cancerous nuclear background, as observed with the mitochondria donor cells, cybrids with benign mitochondria showed high mitochondrial functional properties including increased ATP synthesis, oxygen consumption and respiratory chain activities compared to cybrids with cancerous mitochondria. Interestingly, benign mitochondria could reverse different oncogenic characteristics of 143B TK(-) cell including cell proliferation, viability under hypoxic condition, anti-apoptotic properties, resistance to anti-cancer drug, invasion, and colony formation in soft agar, and in vivo tumor growth in nude mice. Microarray analysis suggested that several oncogenic pathways observed in cybrids with cancer mitochondria are inhibited in cybrids with non-cancerous mitochondria. These results suggest the critical oncogenic regulation by mitochondrial-nuclear cross talk and highlights rectifying mitochondrial functional properties as a promising target in cancer therapy.

Dataset Information

TrkA overexpression in non-tumorigenic human breast cell lines confers oncogenic and metastatic properties.

Publications

TrkA overexpression in non-tumorigenic human breast cell lines confers oncogenic and metastatic properties.

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