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Factors Associated with the Nutritional Status among Male Workers of Iron and Steel Industries in Bara District, Nepal.

ABSTRACT: Background:Overweight and obesity are major serious public health problems, since their prevalence is accelerating rapidly not only in developed but also in developing countries. The aim of this study was to find out the factors associated with the nutritional status of the industrial workers in Bara District of Nepal. Methods:An industry-based analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among the 271 male workers using pretested semistructured questionnaires, food frequency questionnaire, 24-hour recall method, and anthropometric measurement after obtaining informed consent from the workers. For the categorical independent variables, bivariate and multivariate regression tests were used for the analysis, and for numerical independent variables, Student's t-test was used. A P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Ethical approval was taken from the Research Committee of the College of Applied Food and Diary Technology (CAFODAT). Results:Overweight /obesity was observed among 27.3% of the participants of which 22.1% were overweight and 5.2% were obese. Age (OR: 2.54; 95% CI: 1.346-4.823); ethnicity, Brahmin/Chhetri (OR: 6.14; 95% CI: 1.971-19.123) and Madhesi (OR: 4.641; 95% CI: 1.534-14.04); and smoking (OR: 4.165; 95% CI: 1.972-8.80) were associated with nutritional status of industrial workers. Additionally, food frequency (OR: 2.232; 95% CI: 1.101-4.522), dietary diversity, and total calorie intake were also significantly associated with nutritional status of industrial workers. Conclusions:The study has indicated that more than one-fourth of workers of iron and steel industries in Bara District of Nepal are overweight or obese. Different sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors and lifestyle-related factors were associated with overweight and obesity. There is need for programs for industrial workers focused on nutrition education to raise awareness about nutrition-related problems and risk factors.

SUBMITTER: Sangroula RK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7338971 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Factors Associated with the Nutritional Status among Male Workers of Iron and Steel Industries in Bara District, Nepal.

Sangroula Raj Kumar RK Subedi Hari Prasad HP Tiwari Kalpana K

Journal of nutrition and metabolism 20200612

<h4>Background</h4>Overweight and obesity are major serious public health problems, since their prevalence is accelerating rapidly not only in developed but also in developing countries. The aim of this study was to find out the factors associated with the nutritional status of the industrial workers in Bara District of Nepal.<h4>Methods</h4>An industry-based analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among the 271 male workers using pretested semistructured questionnaires, food frequency qu ...[more]

PMID: 32685207

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Project description:BackgroundMalnutrition is a major public health problem throughout the world especially in Southeast Asia. This study aims to find out nutritional status and its associated factors among under five Muslim children of Kapilvastu district Nepal.MethodsCommunity based cross-sectional study was conducted among 336 under five Muslim children in Kapilvastu district Nepal from December 2021 to May 2022. Multistage probability random sampling was used. Among ten local units, three were selected randomly. Then from selected three units, two wards from each unit which covers large proportion of Muslim were selected purposively. After selecting wards, listing of household having children 6 to 59 months was done with the help of Female Community Health Volunteers and 56 children were selected by simple random sampling from each wards.ResultsAbout half of Muslim children were underweight, 0.9% were overweight, 17.3% were wasted and 63.1% were stunted. Children with >4 members in family (AOR = 2.82, CI: 1.25-6.38), joint/extended family (AOR = 0.33, CI: 0.16-0.68), living with other than parents (AOR = 2.68, CI: 1.38-5.21), mother having primary (AOR = 2.59, CI: 1.09-6.10) and fathers having SLC and above education (AOR = 0.41, CI: 0.19-0.89), school going children (AOR = 0.27, CI: 0.15-0.48), no having agricultural land (AOR = 2.68, CI: 1.55-4.65), history of chronic diseases (AOR = 3.01, CI = 1.06-8.54) were significantly associated with underweight. Mothers having secondary (AOR = 0.30, CI: 0.10-0.88) and fathers having primary education (AOR = 3.50, CI: 1.26-9.74), school going children (AOR = 0.16, CI: 0.06-0.41), no having own land (AOR = 4.73, CI: 2.13-10.48), history of child chronic disease (AOR = 3.55, CI = 1.38-9.12) were significantly associated with wasting. Similarly, male children (AOR = 1.70, CI: 1.01-2.85), living in rural area (AOR = 0.17, CI: 0.09-0.31), joint/extended family (AOR = 0.28, CI: 0.13-0.64), living with other than parents (AOR = 3.71, CI: 1.84-7.49), fathers having secondary education (AOR = 0.50, CI: 0.27-0.94) and no having own land (AOR = 1.95, CI: 1.13-3.37) were significantly associated with stunting.ConclusionsUnderweight, wasting and stunting in under-five Muslim children were above the cutoff point from the significant level of public health and higher than national data. Hence, this study suggests collaborative and immediate attention from responsible governmental and non-governmental organizations working in nutrition for providing informal learning opportunity, intervention regarding parental support to child, school enrolment at appropriate age, prevention and treatment of children's chronic diseases, intervention for income generating activities and addressing problems of household food insecurity among Muslim communities.

Project description:BackgroundMalnutrition is a major public health problem because of the devastating consequences it has on children, their families, and society at large. Our study, therefore, sought to determine the prevalence of undernutrition and overweight/obesity and its associated factors among children aged 6-12 in the South Tongu District, Ghana.MethodsA school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 423 school children aged 6-12 years in the South Tongu District of Ghana. A multistage sampling method was employed to recruit the school children for the study. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. We used a dual-purpose (height and weight) measuring scale to obtain the anthropometric data. The World Health Organization's AnthroPlus software was used to generate the z-scores for determining the nutritional status. Percentages were used to present the results of the prevalence of undernutrition and overweight/obesity among school children. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression were used to examine the factors associated with undernutrition and overweight/obesity among school children. The results were presented as crude odds ratios (CORs) and adjusted odds ratios (AORs), with their 95% confidence interval (CI). Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Stata 16.0 was used to perform the analyses.ResultsThe overall prevalence of undernutrition and overweight/obesity were 21.5% (CI = 17.7, 25.7) and 24.8% (CI = 20.8, 29.2), respectively. Specifically, the prevalence of stunting, thinness, underweight, overweight, and obesity were 10.4%, 12.1%, 3.8%, 11.1%, and 13.7%, respectively. School children whose household used water from non-portable sources were more likely to be undernourished [AOR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.13, 3.63]. The odds of overweight/obesity was higher among school children whose mothers had attained formal education [AOR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.09, 4.06], those who consumed beverages between meals per day [AOR = 1.87, CI = 1.08, 3.24], and those who had adequate dietary diversity score [AOR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.02, 2.67]. School children aged 10-12 were less likely to be overweight/obese [AOR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.35, 0.94] compared to those aged 6-9.ConclusionThe study showed a relatively high prevalence of undernutrition and overweight/obesity among school children in the South Tongu District. The identified risk factor(s) for undernutrition was the usage of water from non-potable sources whilst those of overweight/obesity were age (10-12 years), maternal formal education, beverage consumption between meals per day, and adequate dietary diversity. The findings reaffirm that malnutrition is still prevalent among school children. Hence, there is a need for the Ministry of Health, Ghana Education Service, and other Non-Governmental Organizations to pay critical attention to these factors to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal 2, target 2.2. Nutritional behavioural change education should be carried out among parents and school children. School health service activities should be intensified with a special focus on nutritional screening.

Project description:Background:Machines, processes, and tasks in the iron and steel factories may produce noise levels that are harmful to hearing if not properly controlled. Studies documenting noise exposure levels and related determinants in sub-Saharan Africa, including Tanzania are lacking. The aim of this study was to document noise exposure and to identify determinants of noise exposure with a view to establishing an effective hearing conservation programme. Methods:A walk-through survey was conducted to describe the working environment in terms of noise sources in four metal factories (A-D) in Tanzania. Noise measurements were conducted by both personal, full-shift noise measurements (8 h) using dosimeters and area measurements (10-s measurements) using a sound level meter. A total of 163 participants had repeated personal noise measurements (Factory A: 46 participants, B: 43, C: 34, and D: 40). Workers were randomly selected and categorized into 13 exposure groups according to their job. Linear mixed effects models were used to identify significant determinants of noise exposure in the furnace section and the rolling mill section. Results:The average personal noise exposure in the four factories was 92.0 dB(A) (range of job group means; 85.4-96.2 dB(A)) (n = 326). Personal exposure was significantly higher in the rolling mill section (93.0 dB(A)) than in the furnace section (89.6 dB(A)). Among the job groups, the cutters located in the rolling mill section had the highest noise exposure (96.2 dB(A)). In the furnace section, furnace installation (below the ground floor), manual handling of raw materials/billets/crowbars, and billet weighing/transfer were significant determinants explaining 40% of the total variance in personal noise exposure. In the rolling mill section, the size of the cutting machine, steel billet weight and feeding re-heating furnace explained 46% of the total variance in personal noise exposure. The mean noise level of the area measurements was 90.5 dB(A) (n = 376). Conclusion:Workers in the four iron and steel factories in Tanzania were exposed to average noise of 92.0 dB(A), without using hearing protection, implying a high risk of developing hearing loss. Task and factory level determinants were identified in the furnace and the rolling mill sections of the plant, which can inform noise control in factories with similar characteristics.

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Factors Associated with the Nutritional Status among Male Workers of Iron and Steel Industries in Bara District, Nepal.

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Factors Associated with the Nutritional Status among Male Workers of Iron and Steel Industries in Bara District, Nepal.

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