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A ketogenic diet exerts beneficial effects on body composition of cancer patients during radiotherapy: An interim analysis of the KETOCOMP study.

ABSTRACT: Background and aim:Ketogenic diets (KDs) have gained interest as a complementary treatment for cancer patients. Here we present first results of our ongoing KETOCOMP study (NCT02516501) concerning body composition changes among rectal, breast and head & neck cancer (HNC) patients who consumed a KD during curative radiotherapy (RT). Experimental procedure:Sixty-one patients eating a non-ketogenic diet were compared to 20 patients on a KD supplemented with 10?g essential amino acids on RT days. Body composition was measured prior to and weekly during RT using 8-electrode bioimpedance analysis. Longitudinal body composition data were analyzed using linear mixed effects models. Results and conclusion:Patients on the KD exhibited nutritional ketosis, defined as serum ?-hydroxybutyrate levels ?0.5?mmol/l, in a median of 69.0% of blood measurements (range 0-100%) performed in our clinic. In rectal and breast cancer patients, KD was significantly associated with a loss of 0.5 and 0.4?kg fat mass per week (p?=?0.00089 and 8.49?×?10-5, respectively), with no significant changes in fat free and skeletal muscle mass. In HNC patients, concurrent chemotherapy was the strongest predictor of body weight, fat free and skeletal muscle mass loss during RT, while consuming a KD was significantly associated with a gain in these measures. These preliminary results confirm prior reports indicating that KDs are safe to consume during standard-of-care therapy. They also provide an important first indication that KDs with ample amino acid intake could improve body composition during RT in curative cancer patients.

SUBMITTER: Klement RJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7340871 | biostudies-literature | 2020 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A ketogenic diet exerts beneficial effects on body composition of cancer patients during radiotherapy: An interim analysis of the KETOCOMP study.

Klement Rainer J RJ Schäfer Gabriele G Sweeney Reinhart A RA

Journal of traditional and complementary medicine 20190321 3

<h4>Background and aim</h4>Ketogenic diets (KDs) have gained interest as a complementary treatment for cancer patients. Here we present first results of our ongoing KETOCOMP study (NCT02516501) concerning body composition changes among rectal, breast and head & neck cancer (HNC) patients who consumed a KD during curative radiotherapy (RT).<h4>Experimental procedure</h4>Sixty-one patients eating a non-ketogenic diet were compared to 20 patients on a KD supplemented with 10 g essential amino acids ...[more]

PMID: 32670812

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Project description:Background: Ketogenic diets (KDs) that elevate beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) promote weight and fat loss. Exogenous ketones, such as ketone salts (KS), also elevate BHB concentrations with the potential to protect against muscle loss during caloric restriction. Whether augmenting ketosis with KS impacts body composition responses to a well-formulated KD remains unknown. Purpose: To explore the effects of energy-matched, hypocaloric KD feeding (<50 g carbohydrates/day; 1.5 g/kg/day protein), with and without the inclusion of KS, on weight loss and body composition responses. Methods: Overweight and obese adults were provided a precisely defined hypocaloric KD (~75% of energy expenditure) for 6 weeks. In a double-blind manner, subjects were randomly assigned to receive ~24 g/day of a racemic BHB-salt (KD + KS; n = 12) or placebo (KD + PL; n = 13). A matched comparison group (n = 12) was separately assigned to an isoenergetic/isonitrogenous low-fat diet (LFD). Body composition parameters were assessed by dual x-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging. Results: The KD induced nutritional ketosis (>1.0 mM capillary BHB) throughout the study (p < 0.001), with higher fasting concentrations observed in KD + KS than KD + PL for the first 2 weeks (p < 0.05). There were decreases in body mass, whole body fat and lean mass, mid-thigh muscle cross-sectional area, and both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues (p < 0.001), but no group differences between the two KDs or with the LFD. Urine nitrogen excretion was significantly higher in KD + PL than LFD (p < 0.01) and trended higher in KD + PL compared to KD + KS (p = 0.076), whereas the nitrogen excretion during KD + KS was similar to LFD (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Energy-matched hypocaloric ketogenic diets favorably affected body composition but were not further impacted by administration of an exogenous BHB-salt that augmented ketosis. The trend for less nitrogen loss with the BHB-salt, if manifested over a longer period of time, may contribute to preserved lean mass.

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A ketogenic diet exerts beneficial effects on body composition of cancer patients during radiotherapy: An interim analysis of the KETOCOMP study.

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A ketogenic diet exerts beneficial effects on body composition of cancer patients during radiotherapy: An interim analysis of the KETOCOMP study.

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