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Cretaceous diversity and disparity in a lacewing lineage of predators (Neuroptera: Mantispidae).

ABSTRACT: Mantidflies (Mantispidae) are an unusual and charismatic group of predatory lacewings (Neuroptera), whereby the adults represent a remarkable case of morphological and functional convergence with praying mantises (Mantodea). The evolutionary history of mantidflies remains largely unknown due to a scarcity of fossils. Here, we report the discovery of a highly diverse palaeofauna of mantidflies from the mid-Cretaceous (lowermost Cenomanian) of Myanmar. The raptorial forelegs of these mantidflies possess highly divergent morphological modifications, some of which are unknown among modern mantidflies, e.g. the presence of forked basal profemoral spines or even the complete loss of foreleg spine-like structures. A phylogenetic analysis of Mantispidae reveals a pattern of raptorial foreleg evolution across the family. The high species diversity and disparate foreleg characters might have been driven by diverse niches of predator-prey interplay in the complex tropical forest ecosystem of the mid-Cretaceous.

SUBMITTER: Lu X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7341918 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A new fossil silky lacewing genus (Neuroptera, Psychopsidae) from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China.

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Revision of the Neotropical green lacewing genus <i>Ungla</i> (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae).

Project description:Here, Ungla Navás, 1914, a poorly known Neotropical genus is reviewed. Twenty-five valid species are recognized; seven of them are new to science: Ungla adamsisp. n., U. elbergisp. n., U. grandispiraculasp. n., U. mexicanasp. n., U. pennyisp. n., U. quchapampasp. n., U. stangeisp. n.; and five are transferred to Ungla from other genera: U. bolivari (Banks), U. chacranella (Banks), U. siderocephala (Navás), U. steinbachi (Navás), and U. banksi Tauber, new replacement name. In addition, ten new synonymies are identified. For each species, a full nomenclatural history, diagnosis, description or redescription with images, literature citations, and available information on the distribution and biology are provided. Name-bearing types were examined for each species, and images of most are included. Keys based on external features are provided for species identifications. As a result of this study, three generalizations appear: (1) The genital morphology of both males and females of Ungla species is very conserved. All species express a common structural pattern, the components of which vary only slightly among species. (2) Ungla species appear to fall into two geographically distinct groups: about one third (n=7) of the species are recorded from southern South America (specifically Argentina and Brazil) and the other approximately two thirds of the species (n=18) from more northern regions of Neotropical America [Andean and Caribbean regions, Central America, and southern Mexico (Chiapas)]. None of the species from either of the regions is known to overlap into the other region. (3) Available information on the immature stages and natural history of species in Ungla is meagre.

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Mining the Species Diversity of Lacewings: New Species of the Pleasing Lacewing Genus Dilar Rambur, 1838 (Neuroptera, Dilaridae) from the Oriental Region.

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Project description:Rapisma McLachlan, 1866 (Neuroptera: Ithonidae) is a rarely encountered genus of lacewings found inmontane tropical or subtropical forests in Oriental Asia. In Xizang Autonomous Region (Tibet) of China there are two sympatrically distributed species of Rapisma, i.e. Rapisma xizangense Yang, 1993 and Rapisma zayuanum Yang, 1993, in which R. xizangense is only known as male and has dull brownish body and wing coloration, while R. zayuanum is only known as female and has bright green body and wing coloration. In order to clarify the relationship between these two species, we determined the complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes of R. xizangense and R. zayuanum for the first time. The mt genomes are 15,961 and 15,984 bp in size, respectively, and comprised 37 genes (13 protein coding genes, 22 tRNA genes and 2 rRNA genes). A major noncoding (control) region was 1,167 bp in R. xizangense and 1,193 bp in R. zayuanum with structural organizations simpler than that reported in other Neuropterida species, notably lacking conserved blocks or long tandem repeats. Besides similar mitogenomic structure, the genetic distance between R. xizangense and R. zayuanum based on two rRNAs and 13 protein coding genes (PCGs) as well as the genetic distance between each of these two Tibetan Rapisma species and a Thai Rapisma species (R. cryptunum) based on partial rrnL show that R. xizangense and R. zayuanum are most likely conspecific. Thus, R. zayuanum syn. nov. is herein treated as a junior synonym of R. xizangense. The present finding represents a rare example of distinct sexual dimorphism in lacewings. This comparative mitogenomic analysis sheds new light on the identification of rare species with sexual dimorphism and the biology of Neuroptera.

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