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The cholesterol-lowering effect of unripe Rubus coreanus is associated with decreased oxidized LDL and apolipoprotein B levels in subjects with borderline-high cholesterol levels: a randomized controlled trial.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Rubus coreanus (R. coreanus) possesses properties that may decrease cholesterol levels. METHODS:The effects of unripe R. coreanus (uRC) consumption on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol levels related to decreased circulating apolipoprotein (Apo) B and oxidized LDL levels were evaluated. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study included subjects with borderline-high cholesterol levels (between 200 and 239?mg/dL) who consumed one capsule daily containing 600?mg of freeze-dried uRC extract (n?=?39) or the placebo (n?=?38). RESULTS:After 12?weeks, the uRC group showed reductions of 21.23?±?4.36?mg/dL in total cholesterol levels (P?=?0.007) and 15.61?±?4.16?mg/dL in LDL cholesterol levels (P?=?0.032). In addition, significantly greater reductions in Apo B levels were observed in the uRC group (-?3.48?±?3.40?mg/dL), but Apo B levels were increased in the placebo group (6.21?±?2.84?mg/dL; P?=?0.032). Furthermore, a remarkably lower oxidized LDL level was detected in the uRC group (57.76?±?2.07?U/L) than in the placebo group (66.09?±?3.47?U/L) after 12 weeks of consumption (P?= 0.044). CONCLUSIONS:Because of its cholesterol-lowering effect, uRC shows great promise as a therapeutic agent for subjects with borderline-high total blood cholesterol levels. TRIAL REGISTRATION:ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03649620 (8/28/2018, retrospectively registered).

SUBMITTER: Cho JM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7350759 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The cholesterol-lowering effect of unripe Rubus coreanus is associated with decreased oxidized LDL and apolipoprotein B levels in subjects with borderline-high cholesterol levels: a randomized controlled trial.

Cho Jung Min JM Chae Jisuk J Jeong Sa Rang SR Moon Min Jung MJ Ha Ki-Chan KC Kim Sunoh S Lee Jong Ho JH

Lipids in health and disease 20200709 1

<h4>Background</h4>Rubus coreanus (R. coreanus) possesses properties that may decrease cholesterol levels.<h4>Methods</h4>The effects of unripe R. coreanus (uRC) consumption on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol levels related to decreased circulating apolipoprotein (Apo) B and oxidized LDL levels were evaluated. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study included subjects with borderline-high cholesterol levels (between 200 and 239 mg/dL) who consumed one capsule d ...[more]

PMID: 32646501

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Many clinical trials on antihypertensive drugs have confirmed the usefulness of these drugs in regulating blood pressure effectively. However, all the drugs usually require long-term use; thus, economic burdens as well as some adverse effects, including headache, diarrhea, skin rash, edema, fever, and liver and kidney dysfunction, accompany their use. Therefore, we attempted to identify natural medications for treating hypertension. We investigated the antihypertensive effects of Dendropanax morbiferus H. Lév. extract (DP), enzymatically hydrolyzed DP extract (Hy-DP) and 5% unripe Rubus coreanus Miq. ethanol extract (5-uRCK). METHODS:Extracts of the unripe R. coreanus were made using 20 volumes of 5% ethanol at 100?°C for 4?h. The dried leaves of D. morbiferus were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis by protease, trypsin, bromelain and papain to increase L-arginine and GABA levels. Vasorelaxant effects of these extracts were evaluated on rat aorta precontracted with phenylephrine. In addition, hippocampal neurons, RAW 264.7 macrophages and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used to exam nitric oxide (NO) production and NO synthase (NOS) gene expression. RESULTS:DP, Hy-DP and 5-uRCK dose-dependently relaxed isolated rat aortic rings contracted with phenylephrine; however, Hy-DP was more effective than DP. L-NAME and ODQ differentially inhibited Hy-DP- and 5-uRCK-induced relaxation; both L-NAME and ODQ completely blocked 5-uRCK-mediated relaxation. Endothelium-denuded aortic ring relaxation was induced much less by 5-uRCK than by Hy-DP. Therefore, 5-uRCK and Hy-DP induced vascular relaxation by endothelium-dependent and partially endothelium-dependent mechanisms, respectively. Hy-DP and 5-uRCK induced eNOS gene expression and NO production in endothelial cells but did not change iNOS/nNOS expression or NO production in macrophages or neuronal cells. Both Hy-DP and 5-uRCK effectively induced vascular relaxation via similar but slightly different mechanisms. The best effective combination was investigated after mixing Hy-DP and 5-uRCK at different ratios. The 2:1 Hy-DP:5-uRCK mixture inhibited ACE, cGMP- and cAMP-dependent phosphodiesterase activity and vascular relaxation better than the other mixtures. CONCLUSION:In conclusion, Hy-DP and 5-uRCK exert antihypertensive effects through different endothelium-dependent or endothelium-independent mechanisms. These findings may greatly help elucidate the mechanisms of clinical efficacy of Hy-DP:5-uRCK mixtures used for blood pressure regulation.

Dataset Information

The cholesterol-lowering effect of unripe Rubus coreanus is associated with decreased oxidized LDL and apolipoprotein B levels in subjects with borderline-high cholesterol levels: a randomized controlled trial.

Publications

The cholesterol-lowering effect of unripe Rubus coreanus is associated with decreased oxidized LDL and apolipoprotein B levels in subjects with borderline-high cholesterol levels: a randomized controlled trial.

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