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New wave-type mechanism of saltatory conduction in myelinated axons and micro-saltatory conduction in C fibres.

ABSTRACT: We present a new wave-type model of saltatory conduction in myelinated axons. Poor conductivity in the neuron cytosol limits electrical current signal velocity according to cable theory, to 1-3 m/s, whereas saltatory conduction occurs with a velocity of 100-300 m/s. We propose a wave-type mechanism for saltatory conduction in the form of the kinetics of an ionic plasmon-polariton being the hybrid of the electro-magnetic wave and of the synchronized ionic plasma oscillations in myelinated segments along an axon. The model agrees with observations and allows for description of the regulatory role of myelin. It explains also the mechanism of conduction deficiency in demyelination syndromes such as multiple sclerosis. The recently observed micro-saltatory conduction in ultrathin unmyelinated C fibers with periodic ion gate clusters is also explained.

SUBMITTER: Jacak JE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7351862 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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New wave-type mechanism of saltatory conduction in myelinated axons and micro-saltatory conduction in C fibres.

Jacak J E JE Jacak W A WA

European biophysics journal : EBJ 20200625 5

We present a new wave-type model of saltatory conduction in myelinated axons. Poor conductivity in the neuron cytosol limits electrical current signal velocity according to cable theory, to 1-3 m/s, whereas saltatory conduction occurs with a velocity of 100-300 m/s. We propose a wave-type mechanism for saltatory conduction in the form of the kinetics of an ionic plasmon-polariton being the hybrid of the electro-magnetic wave and of the synchronized ionic plasma oscillations in myelinated segment ...[more]

PMID: 32588093

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Project description:Advances in brain connectomics set the need for detailed knowledge of functional properties of myelinated and non-myelinated (if present) axons in specific white matter pathways. The corpus callosum (CC), a major white matter structure interconnecting brain hemispheres, is extensively used for studying CNS axonal function. Unlike another widely used CNS white matter preparation, the optic nerve where all axons are myelinated, the CC contains also a large population of non-myelinated axons, making it particularly useful for studying both types of axons. Electrophysiological studies of optic nerve use suction electrodes on nerve ends to stimulate and record compound action potentials (CAPs) that adequately represent its axonal population, whereas CC studies use microelectrodes (MEs), recording from a limited area within the CC. Here we introduce a novel robust isolated "whole" CC preparation comparable to optic nerve. Unlike ME recordings where the CC CAP peaks representing myelinated and non-myelinated axons vary broadly in size, "whole" CC CAPs show stable reproducible ratios of these two main peaks, and also reveal a third peak, suggesting a distinct group of smaller caliber non-myelinated axons. We provide detailed characterization of "whole" CC CAPs and conduction velocities of myelinated and non-myelinated axons along the rostro-caudal axis of CC body and show advantages of this preparation for comparing axonal function in wild type and dysmyelinated shiverer mice, studying the effects of temperature dependence, bath-applied drugs and ischemia modeled by oxygen-glucose deprivation. Due to the isolation from gray matter, our approach allows for studying CC axonal function without possible "contamination" by reverberating signals from gray matter. Our analysis of "whole" CC CAPs revealed higher complexity of myelinated and non-myelinated axonal populations, not noticed earlier. This preparation may have a broad range of applications as a robust model for studying myelinated and non-myelinated axons of the CNS in various experimental models.

Dataset Information

New wave-type mechanism of saltatory conduction in myelinated axons and micro-saltatory conduction in C fibres.

Publications

New wave-type mechanism of saltatory conduction in myelinated axons and micro-saltatory conduction in C fibres.

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