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Ambient Air Pollution Increases the Risk of Cerebrovascular and Neuropsychiatric Disorders through Induction of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress.

ABSTRACT: Exposure to ambient air pollution is a well-established determinant of health and disease. The Lancet Commission on pollution and health concludes that air pollution is the leading environmental cause of global disease and premature death. Indeed, there is a growing body of evidence that links air pollution not only to adverse cardiorespiratory effects but also to increased risk of cerebrovascular and neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite being a relatively new area of investigation, overall, there is mounting recent evidence showing that exposure to multiple air pollutants, in particular to fine particles, may affect the central nervous system (CNS) and brain health, thereby contributing to increased risk of stroke, dementia, Parkinson's disease, cognitive dysfunction, neurodevelopmental disorders, depression and other related conditions. The underlying molecular mechanisms of susceptibility and disease remain largely elusive. However, emerging evidence suggests inflammation and oxidative stress to be crucial factors in the pathogenesis of air pollution-induced disorders, driven by the enhanced production of proinflammatory mediators and reactive oxygen species in response to exposure to various air pollutants. From a public health perspective, mitigation measures are urgent to reduce the burden of disease and premature mortality from ambient air pollution.

SUBMITTER: Hahad O

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7352229 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Ambient Air Pollution Increases the Risk of Cerebrovascular and Neuropsychiatric Disorders through Induction of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress.

Hahad Omar O Lelieveld Jos J Birklein Frank F Lieb Klaus K Daiber Andreas A Münzel Thomas T

International journal of molecular sciences 20200617 12

Exposure to ambient air pollution is a well-established determinant of health and disease. The Lancet Commission on pollution and health concludes that air pollution is the leading environmental cause of global disease and premature death. Indeed, there is a growing body of evidence that links air pollution not only to adverse cardiorespiratory effects but also to increased risk of cerebrovascular and neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite being a relatively new area of investigation, overall, ther ...[more]

PMID: 32560306

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Project description:BackgroundPrevious studies have reported associations between ambient fine particle (PM2.5) concentrations and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). However, none have examined whether ultrafine particles (UFP; < 100 nm), accumulation mode particles (AMP; 100-500 nm), markers of traffic pollution (black carbon; BC), or wood burning (Delta-C; (30% of ambient wintertime PM2.5 in Monroe County, NY is from wood burning)) are associated with an increased odds of HDP. We estimated the odds of HDP associated with increased concentrations of PM2.5, UFP, AMP, BC, and Delta-C in each gestational month during winter months.MethodsElectronic medical records and birth certificate data were linked with land-use regression models in Monroe County, New York in 2009-2013 to predict monthly pollutant concentrations during winter (November-April) based on maternal residential address for 16,637 births. Using multivariable logistic regression, we estimated the odds of HDP associated with each interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5, UFP, AMP, BC, and Delta-C concentrations during each gestational month, adjusting for maternal characteristics, birth hospital, temperature, and relative humidity.ResultsEach 0.52 µg/m3 increase in Delta-C concentration during the 7th gestational month was associated with an increased odds of HDP (odds ratio (OR) = 1.21; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01, 1.45), with a similar sized estimate in month 8 (OR = 1.18; 95%CI = 0.98, 1.43). Non-statistically significant increased odds of HDP associated with IQR increases in BC concentrations during months 3 (OR = 1.12; 95%CI = 0.98, 1.28) and 7 (OR = 1.12; 95%CI = 0.96, 1.29) were observed. Increased odds of HDP were not observed for PM2.5, UFP, or AMP.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that maternal exposure to wood smoke in Monroe County during winter is associated with an increased odds of HDP during late gestation. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the effect of wood smoke on HDP and to explore effects on other pregnancy outcomes.

Project description:Few epidemiologic studies have evaluated the effects of air pollution on the risk of Parkinson disease (PD).We investigated the associations of long-term residential concentrations of ambient particulate matter (PM) < 10 ?m in diameter (PM10) and < 2.5 ?m in diameter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in relation to PD risk.Our nested case-control analysis included 1,556 self-reported physician-diagnosed PD cases identified between 1995 and 2006 and 3,313 controls frequency-matched on age, sex, and race. We geocoded home addresses reported in 1995-1996 and estimated the average ambient concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, and NO2 using a national fine-scale geostatistical model incorporating roadway information and other geographic covariates. Air pollutant exposures were analyzed as both quintiles and continuous variables, adjusting for matching variables and potential confounders.We observed no statistically significant overall association between PM or NO2 exposures and PD risk. However, in preplanned subgroup analyses, a higher risk of PD was associated with higher exposure to PM10 (ORQ5 vs. Q1 = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.11, 2.45; p-trend = 0.02) among women, and with higher exposure to PM2.5 (ORQ5 vs. Q1 = 1.29; 95% CI: 0.94, 1.76; p-trend = 0.04) among never smokers. In post hoc analyses among female never smokers, both PM2.5 (ORQ5 vs. Q1 = 1.79; 95% CI: 1.01, 3.17; p-trend = 0.05) and PM10 (ORQ5 vs. Q1 = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.29, 4.26; p-trend = 0.01) showed positive associations with PD risk. Analyses based on continuous exposure variables generally showed similar but nonsignificant associations.Overall, we found limited evidence for an association between exposures to ambient PM10, PM2.5, or NO2 and PD risk. The suggestive evidence that exposures to PM2.5 and PM10 may increase PD risk among female never smokers warrants further investigation. Citation: Liu R, Young MT, Chen JC, Kaufman JD, Chen H. 2016. Ambient air pollution exposures and risk of Parkinson disease. Environ Health Perspect 124:1759-1765;?http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP135.

Dataset Information

Ambient Air Pollution Increases the Risk of Cerebrovascular and Neuropsychiatric Disorders through Induction of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress.

Publications

Ambient Air Pollution Increases the Risk of Cerebrovascular and Neuropsychiatric Disorders through Induction of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress.

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