Manipulation of Medicinal Products for Oral Administration to Paediatric Patients at a German University Hospital: An Observational Study.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Zahn J
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7355957 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundMedication administration errors are frequent and cause significant harm globally. However, only a few data are available on their prevalence, nature, and severity in developing countries, particularly in Brazil. This study attempts to determine the incidence, nature, and factors associated with medication administration errors observed in a university hospital.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study, conducted in a clinical and surgical unit of a University Hospital in Brazil. Two previously trained professionals directly observed medication preparation and administration for 15 days, 24 h a day, in February 2020. The type of error, the category of the medication involved, according to the anatomical therapeutic chemical classification system, and associated risk factors were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was adopted to identify factors associated with errors.ResultsThe administration of 561 drug doses was observed. The mean total medication administration error rate was 36.2% (95% confidence interval 32.3-40.2). The main factors associated with time errors were interruptions. Regarding technique errors, the primary factors observed were the route of administration, interruptions, and workload.ConclusionsHere, we identified a high total medication administration error rate, the most frequent being technique, wrong time, dose, and omission errors. The factors associated with errors were interruptions, route of administration and workload, which agrees well with the results of other national and international studies.
| S-EPMC9396806 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundCancer care including aggressive treatment procedures during the last phase of life in patients with incurable cancer has increasingly come under scrutiny, while integrating specialist palliative care at an early stage is regarded as indication for high quality end-of-life patient care.AimTo describe the demographic and clinical characteristics and the medical care provided at the end of life of cancer patients who died in a German university hospital.MethodsRetrospective cross-sectional study on the basis of anonymized hospital data for cancer patients who died in the Munich University Hospital in 2014. Descriptive analysis and multivariate logistic regression analyses for factors influencing the administration of aggressive treatment procedures at the end of life.ResultsOverall, 532 cancer patients died. Mean age was 66.8 years, 58.5% were men. 110/532 (20.7%) decedents had hematologic malignancies and 422/532 (79.3%) a solid tumor. Patients underwent the following medical interventions in the last 7/30 days: chemotherapy (7.7%/38.3%), radiotherapy (2.6%/6.4%), resuscitation (8.5%/10.5%), surgery (15.2%/31.0%), renal replacement therapy (12.0%/16.9%), blood transfusions (21.2%/39.5%), CT scan (33.8%/60.9%). In comparison to patients with solid tumors, patients with hematologic malignancies were more likely to die in intensive care (25.4% vs. 49.1%; p = 0.001), and were also more likely to receive blood transfusions (OR 2.21; 95% CI, 1.36 to 3.58; p = 0.001) and renal replacement therapy (OR 2.65; 95% CI, 1.49 to 4.70; p = 0.001) in the last 7 days of life. Contact with the hospital palliative care team had been initiated in 161/532 patients (30.3%). In 87/161 cases (54.0%), the contact was initiated within the last week of the patient's life.ConclusionsOverambitious treatments are still reality at the end of life in cancer patients in hospital but patients with solid tumors and hematologic malignancies have to be differentiated. More efforts are necessary for the timely inclusion of specialist palliative care.
| S-EPMC5383201 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo describe a cohort of paediatric patients who underwent unilateral or bilateral lens extractions at Ghent University hospital using the Dutch Ophthalmic Research Center (D.O.R.C.) ultra-short 27G vitrectomy system.MethodsRetrospective analysis of the medical and surgical records of all children that underwent lens extraction between September 2016 and September 2020 using the D.O.R.C. ultra-short 27G vitrectomy system.ResultsSeventy-two eyes of 52 patients were included. The most important aetiologies in this study were of secondary (25.5%), developmental (13.7%), or genetic (13.7%) nature. No definitive cause could be established in more than a quarter of cases (27.5%) despite extensive work-up, them being deemed idiopathic. The remainder of cases (19.6%) was not assigned a final aetiologic designation at the time of the study due to contradicting or missing diagnostic data. This study could not identify any cataract cases related to infection or trauma. Surgical complications rate was 61.1% of which posterior capsule opacification was the most frequent with a rate of 25%. A significant short-term postoperative best-corrected visual acuity gain (≤ -0.2 LogMAR) was observed in 60.5% of eyes for which usable acuity data were available (n = 38).ConclusionMany different instruments and techniques have been described and used in the context of paediatric lens extractions, each with its advantages and disadvantages. This study illustrates that an ultra-short 27G vitrectomy system can be used to perform paediatric lens extractions with good surgical outcomes. Further studies and comparative trials are needed to ascertain this further.
| S-EPMC10435324 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundAnthroposophic medicinal products (AMPs) are widely used in Europe and world-wide.ObjectiveTo determine the frequency of reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs) from all AMPs on the market, in absolute numbers and relative to the maximum daily administration doses (MDADs).Patients and methodsRetrolective safety analysis of AMP-related ADRs in pharmacovigilance databases of four AMP Marketing Authorisation Holders in Germany. For each ADR, information about the patient, outcome, causality and AMP was retrieved. Primary outcome was the frequency of reported ADRs relative to MDADs sold.ResultsIn the period 2010-2017, a total of 5506 ADRs were reported that had occurred in 2765 different patients, comprising 370 different AMPs. A total of 104 ADRs (1.9%) were classified as serious. The frequency of ADRs for all AMPs was 1.50 per million MDADs. For serious ADRs the frequency was 0.03 per million MDADs. ADRs were more frequently reported with parenteral AMP administration (injections) than with oral or local administration (18.85 vs. 0.59 vs. 1.61 ADRs per million MDADs, respectively; p < 0.0001). The large majority of users (91.9%) had recovered or were recovering from the ADRs and there were no reports with a fatal outcome. Most frequently reported ADR symptom was injection site inflammation for parenteral AMPs (4.66 ADRs per million MDADs), nausea for oral AMPs (0.03 ADRs per million MDADs), and eye irritation for locally administered AMPs (0.23 ADRs per million MDADs).ConclusionsIn this retrolective safety analysis of pharmacovigilance data, the frequency of ADRs to AMPs was 1.50 per million MDADs. Notably, the ADR frequency in this study based on spontaneous reporting is not directly comparable to frequencies in prospective clinical studies nor to frequencies based on other measures of patient exposure than MDADs.
| S-EPMC8605942 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patient groups at risk. We have previously shown that the anti-CMV IgG seroprevalence in an urban region of Germany has changed over the last decades. Overall, a decline from 63.7 to 57.25% had been observed between 1988-1997 and 1998-2008 (p?<?0,001). Here, we continuously follow the trends to the most recent decade 2009 to 2018. In a retrospective analysis, we determined the seroprevalence of CMV IgG antibodies in our patient cohort, stratified by gender and selected groups at risk (e.g., patients with HIV infection; women of childbearing age). The overall prevalence of anti-CMV IgG non-significantly declined further from 57.25% in 1998-2008 to 56.48% in 2009-2018 (p?=?0.881). Looking at gender differences, overall CMV seroprevalence in males declined to 52.82% (from 55.54% in 1998-2008; p?=?0.0254), while it non-significantly increased in females to 59.80%. The high seroprevalence in patients with a known HIV infection further increased from 87.46% in 1998-2008 to 92.93% in the current period (p?=?0.9999). In women of childbearing age, no significant changes over the last three decades could be observed. The CMV seroprevalence in oncological patients was determined to be 60.64%. Overall, the former significant decline of CMV seroprevalence between the decades 1988-1997 and 1998-2008 in this urban region of Germany slowed down to a non-significant decrease of 0.77% (1998-2008 vs. 2009-2018). This might be an indicator that CMV seroprevalence has reached a plateau.
| S-EPMC7225192 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and objectivesHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) significantly affects the patient`s quality of life and leads to multiple medical consultations. Aim of this study was to assess the utilization of medical care of HS patients.Patients and methodsAll patients presenting in 2017 for an outpatient, day patient and / or inpatient treatment with leading claim type HS at the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, were included. Primary outcome was the economic burden of HS patients, measured by resource utilization in €.ResultsThe largest share of the direct medical costs for HS were the inpatient costs with a leading surgical diagnosis-related group (DRG). Antiseptics were the predominant topical prescription. While doxycycline was the most frequently prescribed systemic therapy, adalimumab was the main cost driver. The difference between in-patient (€ 110.25) and outpatient (€ 26.34) direct non-medical costs was statistically significant (p < 0.001). With regards to indirect medical costs, a statistically significantly higher loss of gross value added (inpatient mean € 1,827.00; outpatient mean € 203.00) and loss of production (inpatient mean € 1,026.00; outpatient mean € 228.00) could be noted (p < 0.001), respectively.ConclusionsThe present study on disease-specific costs of HS confirms that the hospital care of patients with this disease is cost-intensive. However, the primary goal of physicians is not and should not be to save costs regarding their patients`treatment, but rather the premise to utilize the existing resources as efficient as possible. Reducing the use of costly therapeutics and inpatient stays therefore requires more effective therapy options with an improved cost-benefit profile.
| S-EPMC8336817 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe summer semester 2020, had to be restructured due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the associated contact restrictions. Here, for the first time, the established lectures in lecture halls and small group seminars could not be conducted in presence as usual. A possible tool for the implementation of medical teaching, offers the use of eLearning, online webinars and learning platforms. At present it is unclear how the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic will affect surgical teaching, how digitization will be accepted by students, and how virtual teaching can be expanded in the future.MethodsThe teaching, which was previously delivered purely through face-to-face lectures, was completely converted to digital media. For this purpose, all lectures were recorded and were available to students on demand. The seminars were held as a twice a week occurring online webinar. The block internship was also conducted as a daily online webinar and concluded with an online exam at the end. At the end of the semester, a survey of the students was carried out, which was answered by n = 192 students with an anonymized questionnaire. The questionnaire inquires about the previous and current experience with eLearning, as well as the possibility of a further development towards a purely digital university.ResultsThere were n = 192 students in the study population. For 88%, the conversion of classes to web-based lectures represented their first eLearning experience. For 77% of all students, the digitization of teaching led to a change in the way they prepare for class. 73% of the participating students are of the opinion that eLearning lectures should continue to be offered. 54% of the students felt that eLearning lectures made more sense than face-to-face lectures. A purely virtual university could be imagined by 41% of the students.ConclusionThe conversion of teaching represented the first contact with eLearning for most students. Overall, the eLearning offering was experienced as positive. Due to the new teaching structure, the way of learning had already changed during the semester. Based on the new eLearning content, the already existing formats can be further expanded in the future. Nevertheless, it turned out that the practical-surgical contents and skills cannot be adequately represented by purely online offers; for this, the development of hybrid practice-oriented teaching concepts is necessary.
| S-EPMC9030685 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This article presents demographic and detailed clinical data from 159 patients with Parkinson's disease or atypical Parkinsonian syndromes treated in the Parkinson's disease multimodal complex treatment (PD-MCT) from 01.01.2019 until 31.12.2019 at the Department of Neurology of the University Hospital Jena, Germany. At baseline, the following variables were collected: age, sex, diagnosis, phenotype, disease duration, Hoehn and Yahr stage, Movement Disorder Society sponsored revision of the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (MDS-UPDRS) part I-IV, levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD), Tinetti test, nonmotor symptoms questionnaire (NMSQ), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), measures of depressive symptoms using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), health-related quality of life assessed by the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12), and the treatment duration according to the Operation and Procedure Classification System. To assess the short-term effect of PD-MCT, the MDS-UPDRS III, Tinetti test, and LEDD were collected again at discharge from hospital. One month after discharge, a first follow-up was conducted and patients rated their general condition. One year after discharge, a second follow-up was conducted and the SF-12 was collected. The dataset allows determination of the effect of PD-MCT and identification of predictors of a beneficial treatment. The dataset can be used by clinicians and academia for further research and as reference. The dataset can also be used in a large range of other topics where demographic and clinical parameters of the PD-MCT are relevant. The data presented herein is associated with the research article "Short- and Long-Term Effect of Parkinson's Disease Multimodal Complex Treatment" [1] and available on Mendeley Data [2].
| S-EPMC9357831 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionStress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) has been a widespread practice both in intensive care units (ICU) and internal wards at the beginning of the twenty-first century. Clinical data suggests an important overuse of acid suppressive therapy (AST) for this indication. Data on current clinical practice of SUP in surgical patients in a non-ICU setting are spares. In the light of a growing number of reports on serious side effects of AST, this study evaluates the use of AST for SUP in a normal surgical ward in a German university hospital.MethodsBetween January 2016 and June 2016, SUP was analysed retrospectively in 1132 consecutive patients of the Department of Surgery of the Universitätsmedizin Greifswald.ResultsThe patients managed with and without SUP were similar with respect to demographic data and treatment with anticoagulants, SSRI and glucocorticoids. Patients with SUP were treated more frequently by cyclooxygenase inhibiting drugs (NSAID, COX2-inhibitors), were more frequently treated in the intermediated care unit and had a longer hospital stay. Risk factors for the development of stress ulcers were similarly present in patient groups managed with and without SUP. About 85.7-99.6% of patients were given SUP without an adequate risk for stress ulcer development, depending on the method used for risk assessment.DiscussionStill today, SUP is widely overused in non-ICU surgical patients. Information campaigns on risk factors for stress ulcer development and standard operating procedures for SUP are required to limit potential side effects and increased treatment costs.
| S-EPMC8803691 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundPatients' fear of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may delay inevitable treatment, putting potential benefits at risk. This single-center retrospective study aims to analyze temporal relationships of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany with the number of patients who sought and received elective neurosurgical treatment at a German university hospital.MethodsDaily outpatient numbers (ON) and elective procedures (EP) were recorded at our department between 1 January 2020 and 30 June 2020 (baseline: between 1 January 2019 and 30 June 2019). In patients who received EP, we recorded indication, outcome, and length of stay (LOS). Moving averages of ON (MAON) and of EP were calculated. Data on governmental action taken in response to the pandemic and on coronavirus-positive cases in Germany (CPCG) were superimposed. Exponential and arc tangent curves (ATC) were fitted to the absolute numbers of CPCG. Phase shifts were estimated, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, rho, was calculated between the 2020 MAON and the derivative function of the fitted ATC (DFATC). Wilcoxon rank sum served as statistical test. Significance was assumed with p values of less than 0.05.ResultsON were significantly decreased in April 2020 as compared to April 2019 (p = 0.010). A phase shift between the German lockdown, the DFATC, and the decrease in MAON was not detected, while a phase shift of 10 days between the DFATC and the subsequent increase in MAON was detected. The DFATC was significantly negatively correlated (rho = -0.92, p < 0.0001) to the MAON until 31 March 2020, and, when shifted by 10 days, the DFATC was significantly negatively correlated (rho = -0.87, p < 0.0001) to the MAON from 01 April 2020. EP (p = 0.023), including the subset of non-oncological EP (p = 0.032), were significantly less performed in the first half of 2020 as compared to the first half of 2019. In March and April 2020, we conducted significantly more EP due to motor deficits (p = 0.0267, and less), visual disturbances (p = 0.0488), and spinal instability (p = 0.0012), and significantly less EP due to radicular pain (p = 0.0489), as compared to March and April 2019. LOS ranked significantly higher in patients who received cranial or spinal EP in March and April 2020 as compared to March and April 2019 (p = 0.0497). Significant differences in outcome were not observed.ConclusionThe beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic was correlated to an immediate and significant decrease in ON, and to a significant decrease in the number of EP performed. The subsequent increase in ON was delayed. Adequate measures to promote timely discharge of patients may become increasingly relevant as the pandemic proceeds. Although we observed a shift in the range of indications towards significantly more EP in patients with neurological deficiencies, care should be taken to avoid potentially deleterious delays of necessary elective treatment in future pandemic situations.
| S-EPMC7712298 | biostudies-literature