Heterogeneity in Cystic Echinococcosis Management Among Spanish Centers: Results from a National Survey.
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SUBMITTER: Salvador F
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7356418 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundMongolia is one of the endemic countries for cystic echinococcosis (CE), a zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. The goal of this study is to describe the current clinical management of CE in Mongolia, to capture the distribution of cyst stages of patients treated, and to contrast current practice with WHO-IWGE expert consensus.MethodsHospital records of CE patients treated between 2008 and 2015 at the three state hospitals and fulfilling the inclusion criterion 'discharge diagnosis CE' (ICD 10 code B.67.0-67.9) were reviewed. Demographical, geographical, clinical and ultrasonography (US) data were extracted and analyzed. The annual surgical incidence was estimated. The digital copies of US cyst images were independently staged by three international experts following the WHO CE cyst classification to determine the proportions of patients which ideally would have been assigned to the WHO recommended treatment modalities surgery, percutaneous, medical (benzimidazole) treatment and watch & wait.ResultsA total of 290 patient records fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the study. 45.7% of patients were below 15 years of age. 73.7% of CE cysts were located in abdominal organs, predominantly liver. US images of 84 patients were staged and assessed for interrater-agreement. The average raw agreement was 77.2%. Unweighted Kappa coefficient and weighted Kappa was 0.57 and 0.59, respectively. Mean proportions of images judged as stages CE1, CE2, CE3a, CE3b, CE4 and CL were 0.59, 0.01, 0.19, 0.08, 0.03 and 0.11, respectively. 40 cysts met the inclusion criteria of treatment modality analysis. The mean proportions of cases with a single cyst assigned to medical, percutaneous treatment, surgery and watch & wait were 52.5% (95% CI 42-65), 25.8% (95% CI 15-30), 5.1% (95% CI 0-10) and 3.3% (95% CI 0-10), respectively. 13.3% (95% CI 5-25) of cysts were staged as CL and therefore assigned to further diagnostic requirement.ConclusionWHO CE cyst classification and WHO-IWGE expert consensus on clinical CE management is not implemented in Mongolia. This results in exclusively surgical treatment, an unnecessary high risk approach for the majority of patients who could receive medical, percutaneous treatment or observation (watch & wait). Introduction of WHO-IWGE expert consensus and training in ultrasound CE cyst staging would be highly beneficial for patients and the health care services.
| S-EPMC6168150 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundAlthough electrophysiological (EP) centers have institutional standards, evidence on management of cardiac tamponade is lacking.Aim and methodsA physician-based survey was conducted by sending out questionnaires to all hospitals in Germany performing EP procedures. To evaluate the infrastructure of EP centers and the impact of center volume and onsite cardiac surgery on the management of cardiac tamponade, the results of the survey were analyzed for low-volume (0-250 procedures per year), mid-volume (250-500 procedures), and high-volume (>500 procedures) centers, as well as for centers with and without onsite cardiac surgery.ResultsA total of 341 centers were identified and 189/341 (55%) returned data sets were analyzed. Most types of EP procedures are performed across all kinds of centers. Ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) is concentrated in higher volume centers and in centers with onsite cardiac surgery. None of the participating low-volume centers and only 13% of centers without onsite cardiac surgery responded to performing epicardial VT ablation. Irrespective of center volume and onsite cardiac surgery, neither body mass index nor age was reported to be an exclusion criterion for ablation procedures. Higher volume centers and centers with onsite cardiac surgery more often have dedicated EP laboratories and EP-nursing teams. Also, differences regarding periprocedural safety precautions and management of cardiac tamponade were found for low-, mid-, and high-volume centers, as well as for centers with and without onsite cardiac surgery.ConclusionWhile center volume and onsite cardiac surgery do not impact patient selection, there are differences in ablation spectrum, infrastructure, periprocedural safety precautions, and treatment of tamponade.
| S-EPMC10577558 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundCystic echinococcosis (CE) can affect the heart and the vena cava but few cases are reported.MethodsA retrospective case series of 11 patients with cardiac and/or endovascular CE, followed-up over a period of 15 years (1995-2009) is reported.ResultsMain clinical manifestations included thoracic pain or dyspnea, although 2 patients were asymptomatic. Cysts were located mostly in the right atrium and inferior vena cava. Nine patients were previously diagnosed with disseminated CE. Echocardiography was the diagnostic method of choice, although serology, electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging and histology aided with diagnosis and follow-up. Nine patients underwent cardiac surgery and nine received long-term antiparasitic treatment for a median duration of 25 months (range 4-93 months). One patient died intra-operatively due to cyst rupture and endovascular dissemination. Two patients died 10 and 14 years after diagnosis, due to pulmonary embolism (PE) and cardiac failure, respectively. One patient was lost to follow-up. Patients who had cardiac involvement exclusively did not have complications after surgery and were considered cured. There was only one recurrence requiring a second operation. Patients with vena cava involvement developed PEs and presented multiple complications.ConclusionsCardiovascular CE is associated with a high risk of potentially lethal complications. Clinical manifestations and complications vary according to cyst location. Isolated cardiac CE may be cured after surgery, while endovascular extracardiac involvement is associated with severe chronic complications. CE should be included in the differential diagnosis of cardiovascular disease in patients from endemic areas.
| S-EPMC3250507 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Cancer-related malnutrition is associated with poor health outcomes, including decreased tolerance to cancer therapy, greater treatment toxicities, and increased mortality. Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) optimizes clinical outcomes, yet registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs), the healthcare professionals specifically trained in MNT, are not routinely employed in outpatient cancer centers where over 90% of all cancer patients are treated. The objective of this study was to evaluate RDN staffing patterns, nutrition services provided in ambulatory oncology settings, malnutrition screening practices, and referral and reimbursement practices across the nation in outpatient cancer centers. An online questionnaire was developed by the Oncology Nutrition Dietetic Practice Group (ON DPG) of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics and distributed via the ON DPG electronic mailing list. Complete data were summarized for 215 cancer centers. The mean RDN full-time equivalent (FTE) for all centers was 1.7 ± 2.0. After stratifying by type of center, National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Centers (NCI CCs) employed a mean of 3.1 ± 3.0 RDN FTEs compared to 1.3 ± 1.4 amongst non-NCI CCs. The RDN-to-patient ratio, based on reported analytic cases, was 1 : 2,308. Per day, RDNs evaluated and counseled an average of 7.4 ± 4.3 oncology patients. Approximately half (53.1%) of the centers screened for malnutrition, and 64.9% of these facilities used a validated malnutrition screening tool. The majority (76.8%) of centers do not bill for nutrition services. This is the first national study to evaluate RDN staffing patterns, provider-to-patient ratios, and reimbursement practices in outpatient cancer centers. These data indicate there is a significant gap in RDN access for oncology patients in need of nutritional care.
| S-EPMC6893237 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundHuman cystic and alveolar echinococcosis are neglected tropical diseases that WHO has prioritized for control in recent years. Both diseases impose substantial burdens on public health and the socio-economy in China. In this study, which is based on the national echinococcosis survey from 2012 to 2016, we aim to describe the spatial prevalence and demographic characteristics of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis infections in humans and assess the impact of environmental, biological and social factors on both types of the disease.MethodsWe computed the sex-, age group-, occupation- and education level-specific prevalences of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis at national and sub-national levels. We mapped the geographical distribution of echinococcosis prevalence at the province, city and county levels. Finally, by analyzing the county-level echinococcosis cases combined with a range of associated environmental, biological and social factors, we identified and quantified the potential risk factors for echinococcosis using a generalized linear model.ResultsA total of 1,150,723 residents were selected and included in the national echinococcosis survey between 2012 and 2016, of whom 4161 and 1055 tested positive for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis, respectively. Female gender, older age, occupation at herdsman, occupation as religious worker and illiteracy were identified as risk factors for both types of echinococcosis. The prevalence of echinococcosis was found to vary geographically, with areas of high endemicity observed in the Tibetan Plateau region. Cystic echinococcosis prevalence was positively correlated with cattle density, cattle prevalence, dog density, dog prevalence, number of livestock slaughtered, elevation and grass area, and negatively associated with temperature and gross domestic product (GDP). Alveolar echinococcosis prevalence was positively correlated with precipitation, level of awareness, elevation, rodent density and rodent prevalence, and negatively correlated with forest area, temperature and GDP. Our results also implied that drinking water sources are significantly associated with both diseases.ConclusionsThe results of this study provide a comprehensive understanding of geographical patterns, demographic characteristics and risk factors of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in China. This important information will contribute towards developing targeted prevention measures and controlling diseases from the public health perspective.
| S-EPMC10239570 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background/aimsThe study aimed to investigate the current practice patterns in the management of pancreatic cystic neoplasms in Korea.MethodsAn electronic survey was systematically distributed by email to members of the Korean Pancreatobiliary Association from December 2019 to February 2020.ResultsIn total, 115 (110 gastroenterologists, five surgeons) completed the survey, 72.2% of whom worked in a tertiary/academic medical center. Most (65.2%) followed the 2012/2017 International Association of Pancreatology guidelines for the management of pancreatic cystic neoplasms. A gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography was the most common first-line diagnostic modality (42.1%), but a contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan was preferred as a subsequent surveillance tool (58.3%). Seventy-four percent of respondents routinely performed endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration for pancreatic cystic neoplasms with suspicious mural nodules. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (94.8%) and cystic fluid carcinoembryonic antigen (95.7%) were used for cystic fluid analysis. Most (94%) typically recommended surgery in patients with high-risk stigmata, but 18.3% also considered proceeding with surgery in patients with worrisome features. Most (96.5%) would continue surveillance of pancreatic cystic neoplasms for more than 5 years.ConclusionAccording to this survey, there was variability in the management of pancreatic cystic neoplasms among the respondents. These results suggest that the development of evidence-based guidelines for pancreatic cystic neoplasms that fit the Korean practice is needed to create an optimal approach to the management of pancreatic cystic neoplasms.
| S-EPMC8747915 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionPenile cancer (PC) is a rare malignancy with an overall incidence in Europe of 1/100,000 males/year. In Europe, few studies report the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, and treatment of PC. The aim of this study is to present an updated outlook on the aforementioned factors of PC in Spain.Materials and methodsA multicentric, retrospective, observational epidemiological study was designed, and patients with a new diagnosis of PC in 2015 were included. Patients were anonymously identified from the Register of Specialized Care Activity of the Ministry of Health of Spain. All Spanish hospitals recruiting patients in 2015 were invited to participate in the present study. We have followed a descriptive narration of the observed data. Continuous and categorical data were reported by median (p25th-p75th range) and absolute and relative frequencies, respectively. The incidence map shows differences between Spanish regions.ResultsThe incidence of PC in Spain in 2015 was 2.55/100,000 males per year. A total of 586 patients were identified, and 228 patients from 61 hospitals were included in the analysis. A total of 54/61 (88.5%) centers reported ≤ 5 new cases. The patients accessed the urologist for visually-assessed penile lesions (60.5%), mainly localized in the glans (63.6%). Local hygiene, smoking habits, sexual habits, HPV exposure, and history of penile lesions were reported in 48.2%, 59.6%, 25%, 13.2%, and 69.7%. HPV-positive lesions were 18.1% (28.6% HPV-16). The majority of PC was squamous carcinoma (95.2%). PC was ≥cT2 in 45.2% (103/228) cases. At final pathology, PC was ≥pT2 in 51% of patients and ≥pN1 in 17% of cases. The most common local treatment was partial penectomy (46.9% cases). A total of 47/55 (85.5%) inguinal lymphadenectomies were open. Patients with ≥pN1 disease were treated with chemotherapy in 12/39 (40.8%) of cases.ConclusionsPC incidence is relatively high in Spain compared to other European countries. The risk factors for PC are usually misreported. The diagnosis and management of PC are suboptimal, encouraging the identification of referral centers for PC management.
| S-EPMC9913503 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND: Multiple hydatid disease is a complex surgical problem, and its treatment can follow either conservative principles (drainage or obliteration of the cavity) or radical principles (cystoperi-cystectomy or liver or lung resection). METHODS: A total of 220 patients with multiple cystic echinococcosis (428 cysts) were managed between 1967 and 1998 with conservative operations (group A) or radical operation (group B). There were 90 men and 130 women, with a mean age of 52 years (range 18-77 years). There were two cysts in 124 patients, three cysts in 40 patients, four in 15 and more than four in 41 patients. These multiple cysts were located at one anatomical site (n=140) or at more than one site (n=80). Multiple (2-3) hepatic cysts occurred in 142 patients, multiple (2-3) lung cysts in 15 and multiple peritoneal cysts in 13 patients. Hepatic cysts co-existed with lung cysts in another 32 patients, with peritoneal cysts in 14 patients and once each with splenic, splenic plus lung cysts and renal cysts, one retroperitoneal cyst coincided with small peritoneal cysts. RESULTS: The operative procedure employed was dependent on the type and site of the parasite and the condition of the host. Three of 208 patients operated conservatively (group A) died postoperatively as opposed to receiving radical treatment. Morbidity rates were 8.8% and 12.5% in group A and B and mean hospital stay was 15.8 and 15.1 days, respectively. In group A there was an 8.6% recurrence rate, and recurrent disease was finally managed in each group the overall result could be considered satisfactory. DISCUSSION: We conclude that conservative surgery can provide good results in multiple cystic echinococcosis. Radical surgery, with its time-consuming major procedures, is ideal but only in properly selected cases.
| S-EPMC2020668 | biostudies-other
Project description:BackgroundThere is a worldwide consensus among experts that guidelines and algorithms on airway management contribute to improved patient safety in anesthesia. The present study aimed to determine the current practice of airway management of German anesthesiologists and assess the safety gap, defined as the difference between observed and recommended practice, amongst these practitioners.ObjectiveTo determine the effect of implementing the guidelines on airway management practice in Germany amongst anesthesiologists and identify potential safety gaps.MethodsA survey was conducted in September 2019 by contacting all registered members of the German Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (DGAI) via email. The participants were asked about their personal and institutional background, adherence to recommendations of the current German S1 guidelines and availability of airway devices.ResultsA total of 1862 DGAI members completed the questionnaire (response rate 17%). The main outcome was that anesthesiologists mostly adhered to the guidelines, yet certain recommendations, particularly pertaining to specifics of preoxygenation and training, showed a safety gap. More than 90% of participants had a video laryngoscope and half had performed more than 25 awake intubations using a flexible endoscope; however, only 81% had a video laryngoscope with a hyperangulated blade. An estimated 16% of all intubations were performed with a video laryngoscope, and 1 in 4 participants had performed awake intubation with it. Nearly all participants had cared for patients with suspected difficult airways. Half of the participants had already faced a "cannot intubate, cannot oxygenate" (CICO) situation and one in five had to perform an emergency front of neck access (eFONA) at least once. In this case, almost two thirds used puncture-based techniques and one third scalpel-based techniques.ConclusionCurrent practice of airway management showed overall adherence to the current German guidelines on airway management, yet certain areas need to be improved.
| S-EPMC9763150 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionHydatid cysts and angiogenesis are the key characteristics of cystic echinococcosis, with immune cells and endothelial cells mediating essential roles in disease progression. Recent single-cell analysis studies demonstrated immune cell infiltration after Echinococcus granulosus infection, highlighting the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of targeting certain cell types in the lesion microenvironment. However, more detailed immune mechanisms during different periods of E. granulosus infection were not elucidated.MethodsHerein, we characterized immune and endothelial cells from the liver samples of mice in different stages by single-cell RNA sequencing.ResultsWe profiled the transcriptomes of 45,199 cells from the liver samples of mice at 1, 3, and 6 months after infection (two replicates) and uninfected wild-type mice. The cells were categorized into 26 clusters with four distinct cell types: natural killer (NK)/T cells, B cells, myeloid cells, and endothelial cells. An SPP1+ macrophage subset with immunosuppressive and pro-angiogenic functions was identified in the late infection stage. Single-cell regulatory network inference and clustering (SCENIC) analysis suggested that Cebpe, Runx3, and Rora were the key regulators of the SPP1+ macrophages. Cell communication analysis revealed that the SPP1+ macrophages interacted with endothelial cells and had pro-angiogenic functions. There was an obvious communicative relationship between SPP1+ macrophages and endothelial cells via Vegfa-Vegfr1/Vegfr2, and SPP1+ macrophages interacted with other immune cells via specific ligand-receptor pairs, which might have contributed to their immunosuppressive function.DiscussionOur comprehensive exploration of the cystic echinococcosis ecosystem and the first discovery of SPP1+ macrophages with infection period specificity provide deeper insights into angiogenesis and the immune evasion mechanisms associated with later stages of infection.
| S-EPMC9772464 | biostudies-literature