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Survival Outcomes of Patients with Pathologically Proven Positive Lymph Nodes at Time of Radical Cystectomy with or without Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:To compare overall survival (OS) outcomes in pN1-3 disease at the time of radical cystectomy (RC) for muscle invasive bladder according to the neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) status. MATERIALS AND METHODS:This multicenter study included 450 consecutive patients undergoing RC for muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer with pN1-3 pM0 disease from 2010 to 2019. NAC consisted in platinum-based chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was the comparison between NAC and non-NAC in terms of death from any cause. OS was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios. RESULTS:Median age was 69 years. Patients receiving NAC were younger (p = 0.051), and more likely had downstaging to non-muscle invasive disease (10.7% versus 4.3%, p = 0.042). Median OS was 26.6 months. NAC patients had poorer OS compared with those who did receive NAC (Hazard ratio (HR) 1.6; p = 0.019). The persistence of muscle-invasive bladder in RC specimens was also significantly associated with OS (HR 2.40). In the NAC cohort, the two factors independently correlated with OS were the number of positive lymph nodes (p = 0.013) and adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) (HR 0.31; p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS:Persistent nodal disease in RC specimens after NAC was associated with poor prognosis and lower OS rates compared with pN1-3 disease after upfront RC. In this sub-group of NAC patients, AC was independently associated with better OS.

SUBMITTER: Ploussard G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7356776 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Survival Outcomes of Patients with Pathologically Proven Positive Lymph Nodes at Time of Radical Cystectomy with or without Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

Ploussard Guillaume G Pradere Benjamin B Beauval Jean-Baptiste JB Chevreau Christine C Almeras Christophe C Suc Etienne E Gautier Jean-Romain JR Laurenty Anne-Pascale AP Roumiguié Mathieu M Loison Guillaume G Tollon Christophe C Mourey Loïc L Salin Ambroise A Xylinas Evanguelos E Pouessel Damien D

Journal of clinical medicine 20200623 6

<h4>Background</h4>To compare overall survival (OS) outcomes in pN1-3 disease at the time of radical cystectomy (RC) for muscle invasive bladder according to the neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) status.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>This multicenter study included 450 consecutive patients undergoing RC for muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer with pN1-3 pM0 disease from 2010 to 2019. NAC consisted in platinum-based chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was the comparison between NAC and non-NAC i ...[more]

PMID: 32585894

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Project description:BackgroundAxillary surgical management in patients with node-positive breast cancer at the time of diagnosis converted to negative nodes through neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) remains unclear. Removal of more than two sentinel nodes (SLNs) in these patients may decrease the false negative rate (FNR) of sentinel lymph node biopsies (SLNBs). We aim to analyse the detection rate (DR) and the FNR of SLNB assessment according to the number of SLNs removed.MethodsA retrospective study was performed from October 2012 to December 2018. Patients with invasive breast cancer who had a clinically node-positive disease at diagnosis and with a complete axillary response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were selected. Patients included underwent SLNB and axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) after NAC. The SLN was considered positive if any residual disease was detected. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the clinicopathologic features and the results of SLNB and ALND. The DR of SLNB was defined as the number of patients with successful identification of SLN. Presence of residual disease in ALND and negative SLN was considered false negative.ResultsA total of 368 patients with invasive breast cancer who underwent surgery after complete NAC were studied. Of them, 85 patients met the eligibility criteria and were enrolled in the study. The mean age at diagnosis was 50.8 years. Systematic lymphadenectomy was performed in all patients, with an average of 10 lymph nodes removed. The DR of SLNB was 92.9%, and the FNR was 19.1. The median number of SLNs removed was 3, and at least, three SLNs were obtained in 42 patients (53.2%). When at least three sentinel nodes were removed, the FNR decreased to 8.7%.ConclusionsIn this cohort, the SLN assessment was associated with an adequate DR and a high FNR. Removing three or more SLNs decreased the FNR from 19.1% to 8.7%. Complementary approaches may be considered for axillary lymph node staging after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The study was approved by our institution's ethics committee (Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain) (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCEI:20/0048).

Project description:LESSONS LEARNED:Removal of sonographically abnormal (up to 3) metastatic clipped nodes, without sentinel lymph node biopsy, could accurately predict axillary status in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. ypT and the first clipped node status were statistically significant factors for nodal pathologic complete response. This novel approach requires validation in larger studies. BACKGROUND:In patients who have node-positive breast cancer, neoadjuvant chemotherapy could result in nodal pathologic complete response (pCR) and avoid an axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Axillary staging, in such cases, can be performed using targeted axillary dissection (TAD) with a low false negative rate. However, identification of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) after chemotherapy can be difficult, and currently, it is the standard to remove only one clipped node in TAD. We aimed to determine if removal of all sonographically abnormal metastatic clipped nodes, without SLN biopsy, could accurately predict the axillary status post neoadjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS:Patients with breast cancer with one to three sonographically abnormal metastatic axillary nodes were prospectively recruited. Each abnormal node had histology and clip insertion before neoadjuvant chemotherapy. After chemotherapy, the patients underwent removal of clipped nodes using the Skin Mark clipped Axillary nodes Removal Technique (SMART) and ALND. RESULTS:Fourteen patients were recruited, having a total of 21 sonographically abnormal metastatic nodes, with nine, three, and two patients having 1, 2, and 3 malignant nodes clipped, respectively. Mean age was 55.5?years; 92.9% and 57.1% of patients had invasive ductal carcinoma and grade III tumors, respectively; and 35.7% patients achieved nodal pCR. The first clipped node predicted the axillary status with a false negative rate of 7.1%. Adding to this another second clipped node, the false negative rate was 0%. Pathologic tumor staging after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (ypT) (p = .0390) and the first clipped node pathological response status (p = .0030) were statistically significant predictors for nodal pCR. CONCLUSION:Removal of sonographically abnormal metastatic clipped nodes using SMART, without sentinel lymph node biopsy, could accurately predict axillary status. This finding needs validation in larger studies.

Project description:ImportanceDespite existing evidence of a benefit associated with cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) after radical cystectomy (RC) for chemotherapy-naive patients with pT3/T4 and/or pN+ urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB), to our knowledge, no studies have addressed the effectiveness of AC in those who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) before surgery.ObjectiveTo assess the comparative effectiveness of AC vs observation for patients with pT3/T4 and/or pN+ UCB previously treated with NAC and RC.Design, setting, and participantsThis observational cohort study used the National Cancer Data Base (January 1, 2006, through December 31, 2012) to identify individuals who received NAC and RC followed by AC or observation for pT3/T4 and/or pN+ UCB.Main outcomes and measuresAfter multiple imputation was used to handle missing data, inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW)-adjusted Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed with a 6-month conditional landmark to compare overall survival (OS) among patients who received NAC and RC followed by AC vs observation. In addition, exploratory analyses were conducted to examine the heterogeneity of the treatment effect according to age (continuous), sex (female vs male), Charlson comorbidity index (?1 vs 0), pT/N stage (pT3/T4N0 vs pTanyN+), and surgical margin status (positive vs negative) by testing interaction terms within the IPTW-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression model.ResultsOf the 788 patients with pT3/T4 and/or pN+ UCB (mean [SD] age, 65.3 [9.4] years; 603 [76.5%] male and 185 [23.5%] female), 184 (23.4%) received NAC and RC followed by AC and 604 (76.6%) received NAC and RC followed by observation. The 6-month conditional landmark, IPTW-adjusted Kaplan-Meier curves showed that median OS was significantly longer for NAC and RC followed by AC (29.9 months; interquartile range, 15.1-85.4 months) vs NAC and RC followed by observation (24.2 months; interquartile range, 12.9-58.9 months) (P?=?.046). The 5-year IPTW-adjusted rates of OS were 36.8% for NAC and RC followed by AC vs 24.7% for NAC and RC followed by observation. In the IPTW-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, NAC and RC followed by AC was associated with a significant OS benefit (hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.61-0.99; P?=?.046). Interaction term analyses indicated that the OS benefit of NAC and RC followed by AC decreased significantly with age (hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95-0.99; P?=?.02), whereas no significant interaction was observed with sex (P?=?.82), Charlson comorbidity index (P?=?.51), pT/N stage (P?=?.95), and surgical margin status (P?=?.29).Conclusions and relevanceThis study found that AC after NAC and RC may be associated with an OS benefit for patients with pT3/T4 and/or pN+ UCB. The present findings should be considered as preliminary evidence to conduct a randomized clinical trial to address this association.

Project description:The number of lymph node dissections (LNDs) is an independent factor influencing the survival time of patients with bladder cancer (BCa) after radical resection (RC). The present study aimed to investigate the association between the number of LNDs and the survival of patients with BCa at different stages and who underwent RC in the United States of America and China. Records from 17,730 American patients with BCa and 158 Chinese patients with BCa were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) and the Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital (China) databases, respectively. Kaplan-Meier curve and χ2 test were used to determine the overall survival time (OS) of patients with BCa. Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the effects of LND number on OS. Overall, 13,421 (75.7%) patients were negative for lymph node metastasis (N0) and 4,309 (24.3%) were positive for lymph node metastasis (N+) among the 17,730 American patients with BCa. In the group of 158 Chinese patients, 125 (79.1%) were N0 and 33 (20.9%) were N+. In the American patients, the median number of dissected nodes was 11.0 [interquartile range (IQR)=3.0-21.0] for N0 patients and 14.0 (IQR=8.0-23.0) for N+ patients. The median number of LNDs was 5.0 (IQR=2.0-7.0) for Chinese N0 patients and 5.0 (IQR=1.5-10.5) for Chinese N+ patients. The number of LNDs may therefore be an independent factor associated with survival in patients who underwent RC. Furthermore, a higher number of LNDs was associated with longer OS in patients with BCa [American patients, ≥13 nodes vs. ≤5 nodes, hazard ratio (HR)=0.62, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.59-0.65, P<0.001; Chinese patients, ≥5 nodes vs. ≤1 node, HR=0.27, 95% CI=0.12-0.62, P=0.002]. The number of LNDs in patients with BCa and N+ was higher compared with number of LNDs in patients with BCa and N0 who underwent RC. More extensive LND improved the OS in both the patients from USA and China. Increasing the number of LNDs may therefore be crucial when treating patients with BCa.

Dataset Information

Survival Outcomes of Patients with Pathologically Proven Positive Lymph Nodes at Time of Radical Cystectomy with or without Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

Publications

Survival Outcomes of Patients with Pathologically Proven Positive Lymph Nodes at Time of Radical Cystectomy with or without Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

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