Dataset Information

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Antimicrobial Peptides to Better Predict Efficacy.

ABSTRACT: During the development of antimicrobial peptides (AMP) as potential therapeutics, antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) stands as an essential part of the process in identification and optimisation of candidate AMP. Standard methods for AST, developed almost 60 years ago for testing conventional antibiotics, are not necessarily fit for purpose when it comes to determining the susceptibility of microorganisms to AMP. Without careful consideration of the parameters comprising AST there is a risk of failing to identify novel antimicrobials at a time when antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is leading the planet toward a post-antibiotic era. More physiologically/clinically relevant AST will allow better determination of the preclinical activity of drug candidates and allow the identification of lead compounds. An important consideration is the efficacy of AMP in biological matrices replicating sites of infection, e.g., blood/plasma/serum, lung bronchiolar lavage fluid/sputum, urine, biofilms, etc., as this will likely be more predictive of clinical efficacy. Additionally, specific AST for different target microorganisms may help to better predict efficacy of AMP in specific infections. In this manuscript, we describe what we believe are the key considerations for AST of AMP and hope that this information can better guide the preclinical development of AMP toward becoming a new generation of urgently needed antimicrobials.

SUBMITTER: Mercer DK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7358464 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Antimicrobial Peptides to Better Predict Efficacy.

Mercer Derry K DK Torres Marcelo D T MDT Duay Searle S SS Lovie Emma E Simpson Laura L von Köckritz-Blickwede Maren M de la Fuente-Nunez Cesar C O'Neil Deborah A DA Angeles-Boza Alfredo M AM

Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology 20200707

During the development of antimicrobial peptides (AMP) as potential therapeutics, antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) stands as an essential part of the process in identification and optimisation of candidate AMP. Standard methods for AST, developed almost 60 years ago for testing conventional antibiotics, are not necessarily fit for purpose when it comes to determining the susceptibility of microorganisms to AMP. Without careful consideration of the parameters comprising AST there is a r ...[more]

PMID: 32733816

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Project description:Standard antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) approaches lead to delays in the selection of optimal antimicrobial therapy. Here, we sought to determine the accuracy of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants identified by Nanopore whole-genome sequencing in predicting AST results. Using a cohort of 40 clinical isolates (21 carbapenemase-producing carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, 10 non-carbapenemase-producing carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae, and 9 carbapenem-susceptible K. pneumoniae isolates), three separate sequencing and analysis pipelines were performed, as follows: (i) a real-time Nanopore analysis approach identifying acquired AMR genes, (ii) an assembly-based Nanopore approach identifying acquired AMR genes and chromosomal mutations, and (iii) an approach using short-read correction of Nanopore assemblies. The short-read correction of Nanopore assemblies served as the reference standard to determine the accuracy of Nanopore sequencing results. With the real-time analysis approach, full annotation of acquired AMR genes occurred within 8 h from subcultured isolates. Assemblies sufficient for full resistance gene and single-nucleotide polymorphism annotation were available within 14 h from subcultured isolates. The overall agreement of genotypic results and anticipated AST results for the 40 K. pneumoniae isolates was 77% (range, 30% to 100%) and 92% (range, 80% to 100%) for the real-time approach and the assembly approach, respectively. Evaluating the patients contributing the 40 isolates, the real-time approach and assembly approach could shorten the median time to effective antibiotic therapy by 20 h and 26 h, respectively, compared to standard AST. Nanopore sequencing offers a rapid approach to both accurately identify resistance mechanisms and to predict AST results for K. pneumoniae isolates. Bioinformatics improvements enabling real-time alignment, coupled with rapid extraction and library preparation, will further enhance the accuracy and workflow of the Nanopore real-time approach.

Dataset Information

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Antimicrobial Peptides to Better Predict Efficacy.

Publications

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Antimicrobial Peptides to Better Predict Efficacy.

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