Testing the twin testosterone transfer hypothesis-intergenerational analysis of 317 dizygotic twins born in Aberdeen, Scotland.

ABSTRACT: STUDY QUESTION:Does having a male co-twin influence the female twin's reproductive outcomes? SUMMARY ANSWER:Women with a male co-twin had the same chances of being pregnant and having children compared to same-sex twin pairs. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY:According to the twin testosterone transfer (TTT) hypothesis, in an opposite-sex twin pregnancy, testosterone transfer from the male to the female co-twin occurs. A large body of literature supports the negative impact of prenatal testosterone exposure on female's reproductive health in animal models; however, evidence from human studies remains controversial. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION:This cohort study included all dizygotic female twins in the Aberdeen Maternity and Neonatal Databank (Scotland) born before 1 January 1979. The 317 eligible women were followed up for 40 years for any pregnancies and the outcome of those pregnancies recorded in the same database. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS:Fertility outcomes (number of pregnancies, number of livebirths and age at first pregnancy) were compared between women with a male co-twin (exposed group, n?=?151) and those with a female co-twin (unexposed group, n?=?166). Population averaged models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI for all outcomes with adjusting for potential confounders. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE:There were no differences in chances of having pregnancies (adj. OR 1.33; 95% CI 0.72, 2.45) and livebirths (adj. OR 1.22; 95% CI 0.68, 2.18) between women from same-sex and opposite-sex twin pairs. Women with a male co-twin were more likely to smoke during pregnancy and, in the unadjusted model, were younger at their first pregnancy (OR 2.13; 95% CI 1.21, 3.75). After adjusting for confounding variables (year of birth and smoking status) the latter finding was no longer significant (OR 1.67; 95% CI 0.90, 3.20). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION:The dataset was relatively small. For women without a pregnancy recorded in the databank, we assumed that they had not been pregnant. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS:Despite the evidence from animal studies concerning the adverse effects of prenatal testosterone exposure on female health, our results do not support the TTT hypothesis. The finding that women with a male co-twin are more likely to smoke during pregnancy highlights the importance of considering post-socialisation and social effects in twin studies. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S):European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sk?odowska-Curie project PROTECTED (grant agreement No. 722634) and FREIA project (grant agreement No. 825100). No competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER:N/A.

SUBMITTER: Talia C 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7368400 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature