Hypoalbuminemia Is Associated With Increased Postoperative Mortality and Complications in Hand Surgery.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Luchetti TJ
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7370392 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundPatient-related risk factors for the development of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) include age ≥ 60-years, congestive heart failure, hypoalbuminemia and smoking. The effect of obesity is unclear and has not been shown to independently increase the likelihood of PPCs in trauma patients undergoing trauma laparotomy. We hypothesized the likelihood of mortality and PPCs would increase as body mass index (BMI) increases in trauma patients undergoing trauma laparotomy.MethodsThe Trauma Quality Improvement Program (2010-2016) was queried to identify trauma patients ≥ 18-years-old undergoing trauma laparotomy within 6-h of presentation. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the likelihood of PPCs and mortality when stratified by BMI.ResultsFrom 8,330 patients, 2,810 (33.7%) were overweight (25-29.9 kg/m2), 1444 (17.3%) obese (30-34.9 kg/m2), 580 (7.0%) severely obese (35-39.9 kg/m2), and 401 (4.8%) morbidly obese (≥ 40 kg/m2). After adjusting for covariates including age, injury severity score, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, smoking, and rib/lung injury, the likelihood of PPCs increased with increasing BMI: overweight (OR = 1.37, CI 1.07-1.74, p = 0.012), obese (OR = 1.44, CI 1.08-1.92, p = 0.014), severely obese (OR = 2.20, CI 1.55-3.14, p < 0.001), morbidly obese (OR = 2.42, CI 1.67-3.51, p < 0.001), compared to those with normal BMI. In addition, the adjusted likelihood of mortality increased for the morbidly obese (OR = 2.60, CI 1.78-3.80, p < 0.001) compared to those with normal BMI.ConclusionObese trauma patients undergoing emergent trauma laparotomy have a high likelihood for both PPCs and mortality, with morbidly obese trauma patients having the highest likelihood for both. This suggests obesity should be accounted for in risk prediction models of trauma patients undergoing laparotomy.
| S-EPMC7222077 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe mismanagement of missing data in large clinical databases may lead to inaccurate findings. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effects of missing data on hand surgery research findings using an analysis of postoperative morbidity in patients undergoing hospital-based hand surgery.MethodsThe National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for patients undergoing common hand and upper extremity surgery between 2011 and 2016. Major and minor postoperative complications were identified. Demographics, comorbidity, and preoperative laboratory values were identified, and the percentage missing of each was tabulated. To demonstrate how missing data can alter analysis results, these variables were evaluated for an association with major complications using multivariable regression on 3 separate cohorts: (1) all patients; (2) all patients after exclusion of any patient entry with >10% of missing data; and (3) after removal of any patient entry with any missing data.ResultsGroups 1, 2, and 3 had 48 370, 23 118, and 6280 patients, respectively. There were 14 variables associated with increased odds of major complications in group 1, yet only 10 and 9 variables for groups 2 and 3, respectively. Six variables were associated with increased major complications across all 3 groups, whereas only 1 was associated with decreased odds of major complications across all groups.ConclusionsFiltering patient cohorts according to the amount of missing patient information affected analyses of predictors for major complications associated with hospital-based hand surgery. These findings highlight the importance of considering and addressing missing data in large database studies.
| S-EPMC9608303 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundProximal humerus fractures are among the most common presenting fractures to orthopedic surgeons in the USA. Hypoalbuminemia is accepted as a nutrition marker associated with post-operative complications following common orthopedic interventions.Questions/purposesThus, the authors sought to (1) describe the national demographic trends of patients undergoing surgical fixation for proximal humerus fracture and (2) investigate the association between pre-operative hypoalbuminemia, a malnutrition marker, and post-operative complications within 1 year of surgical intervention.MethodsThe PearlDiver Humana Claims Database was queried to identify a nationally representative cohort of patients who underwent surgical intervention for proximal humerus fractures from 2008 to 2015. Demographic and comorbid characteristics were collected. Pearson's χ-squared analysis was used to compare rates of 90-day and 1-year outcomes between hypoalbuminemia (albumin ≤ 3.5 mg/dL) and control groups. Multivariate logistic regression was then used to determine the isolated effect that hypoalbuminemia had on post-operative outcomes.ResultsOf the 3337 patients identified, 919 (27.5%) had available serum albumin data. Seventy (7.6%) patients had hypoalbuminemia. Hypoalbuminemia was more likely to be associated with post-operative sepsis (7.1% vs. 1.5%, respectively) and pneumonia (15.7% vs. 4.6) compared with controls. Additionally, hypoalbuminemia was associated with increased 90-day rates of discharge to extended care (4.3% vs. 0.8), emergency room visits (38.6% vs. 21.7), and total cost ($24,051.96 ± 24,972.74 vs. $15,429.74 ± 24,492.30).ConclusionOur study suggests hypoalbuminemia is associated with an increased risk of complications, specifically pneumonia and sepsis, and total health care costs in patients undergoing surgery for proximal humerus fractures. These findings provide insight for individualized patient care that will aid in evaluating the potential risk of surgical complications in an effort to improve outcomes and reduce costs.
| S-EPMC7749917 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundDramatic hemodynamic fluctuation occurs frequently during surgery for pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma. However, the criteria of intraoperative hemodynamic instability vary widely, and most of them were defined arbitrarily but not according to patients' prognosis. The objective was to analyze the relationship between different thresholds and durations of intraoperative hyper-/hypotension and the risk of postoperative complications in patients undergoing surgery for pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma.MethodsThis was a retrospective single-center cohort study performed in a tertiary care hospital from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2017. Three hundred twenty-seven patients who underwent surgery for pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma, of which the diagnoses were confirmed by postoperative pathologic examination, were enrolled. Those who were less than 18?years, underwent surgery involving non-tumor organs, or had incomplete data were excluded. The primary endpoint was a composite of the occurrence of AKI or other complications during hospital stay after surgery. Multivariate Logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between different thresholds and durations of intraoperative hyper-/hypotension and the development of postoperative complications.ResultsForty three (13.1%) patients developed complications during hospital stay after surgery. After adjusting for confounding factors, intraoperative hypotension, defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) of ?95?mmHg for ?20?min (OR 3.211; 99% CI 1.081-9.536; P =?0.006), SBP of ?90?mmHg for ?20?min (OR 3.680; 98.8% CI 1.107-12.240; P =?0.006), SBP of ?85?mmHg for ?10?min (OR 3.975; 98.3% CI 1.321-11.961; P =?0.003), and SBP of ?80?mmHg for ?1?min (OR 3.465; 95% CI 1.484-8.093; P =?0.004), were associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications. On the other hand, intraoperative hypertension was not significantly associated with the development of postoperative complications.ConclusionsFor patients undergoing surgery for pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma, intraoperative hypotension is associated with increased postoperative complications; and the harmful effects are level- and duration-dependent. The effects of intraoperative hypertension need to be studied further.
| S-EPMC7291712 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionThe prevalence of hypoalbuminemia, early changes of plasma albumin (P-Alb) levels, and their effects on mortality in cardiogenic shock are unknown.Materials and methodsP-Alb was measured from serial blood samples in 178 patients from a prospective multinational study on cardiogenic shock. The association of hypoalbuminemia with clinical characteristics and course of hospital stay including treatment and procedures was assessed. The primary outcome was all-cause 90-day mortality.ResultsHypoalbuminemia (P-Alb < 34g/L) was very frequent (75%) at baseline in patients with cardiogenic shock. Patients with hypoalbuminemia had higher mortality than patients with normal albumin levels (48% vs. 23%, p = 0.004). Odds ratio for death at 90 days was 2.4 [95% CI 1.5-4.1] per 10 g/L decrease in baseline P-Alb. The association with increased mortality remained independent in regression models adjusted for clinical risk scores developed for cardiogenic shock (CardShock score adjusted odds ratio 2.0 [95% CI 1.1-3.8], IABP-SHOCK II score adjusted odds ratio 2.5 [95%CI 1.2-5.0]) and variables associated with hypoalbuminemia at baseline (adjusted odds ratio 2.9 [95%CI 1.2-7.1]). In serial measurements, albumin levels decreased at a similar rate between 0h and 72h in both survivors and nonsurvivors (ΔP-Alb -4.6 g/L vs. 5.4 g/L, p = 0.5). While the decrease was higher for patients with normal P-Alb at baseline (p<0.001 compared to patients with hypoalbuminemia at baseline), the rate of albumin decrease was not associated with outcome.ConclusionsHypoalbuminemia was a frequent finding early in cardiogenic shock, and P-Alb levels decreased during hospital stay. Low P-Alb at baseline was associated with mortality independently of other previously described risk factors. Thus, plasma albumin measurement should be part of the initial evaluation in patients with cardiogenic shock.Trial registrationNCT01374867 at ClinicalTrials.gov.
| S-EPMC6522037 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Malnutrition with hypoalbuminemia (albumin < 35 g/L) is an important factor in predicting risks associated with colorectal cancer surgery. However, there is limited data about the effects of mild hypoalbuminemia with small decreases in albumin on postoperative complications. METHODS:This is a retrospective study using the multi-institutional, nationally validated database of the American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) to investigate mild hypoalbuminemia and its association with postoperative mortality and morbidity by using a propensity score matching method. RESULTS:In a group of 30,676 colorectal cancer patients who received surgery, 5230 had mild hypoalbuminemia (< 35 and > =30 g/L) and 21,310 had normal albumin levels (> = 35 g/L). Significant differences were noted in 21 clinical characteristics between the two groups. After 1:2 propensity score matching postoperative mortality was significantly associated with mild hypoalbuminemia (OR = 1.74; p < 0.001). There were significant associations between mild hypoalbuminemia and 11 postoperative morbidities including deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, superficial and deep surgical site infection, pneumonia, septic shock, ventilator> 48 h, blood transfusion, return to operating room, stroke and re-intubation. Mild hypoalbuminemia was also associated with overall complication (B = 0.064, p < 0.001) and length of total hospital stay (B = 2.236, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS:In colorectal cancer, this is the first propensity score matching study of malnutrition with mild hypoalbuminemia which demonstrates that a mild decrease in serum albumin contributes significantly to poor postoperative outcome.
| S-EPMC6598281 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background:Humeral head avascular necrosis (AVN) of differing etiologies may lead to shoulder arthroplasty due to subchondral bone collapse and deformity of the articular surface. There have been no large studies evaluating the complications for these patients after they undergo total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). Questions/Purposes:The first objective of this study is to evaluate the complication rate after TSA in patients with humeral head AVN. The secondary objective is to compare the complication rates among the different etiologies of the AVN. Methods:Patients who underwent TSA were identified in the PearlDiver database using ICD-9 codes. Patients who underwent shoulder arthroplasty for humeral head AVN were identified using ICD-9 codes and were subclassified according to AVN etiology (posttraumatic, alcohol use, chronic steroid use, and idiopathic). Complications evaluated included postoperative infection within 6 months, dislocation within 1 year, revision shoulder arthroplasty up to 8 years postoperatively, shoulder stiffness within 1 year, and periprosthetic fracture within 1 year and systemic complications within 3 months. Postoperative complication rates were compared to controls. Results:The study cohorts included 4129 TSA patients with AVN with 141,778 control TSA patients. Patients with posttraumatic AVN were significantly more likely to have a postoperative infection (OR 2.47, P < 0.001), dislocation (OR 1.45, P = 0.029), revision surgery (OR 1.53, P = 0.001), stiffness (OR 1.24, P = 0.042), and systemic complication (OR 1.49, P < 0.001). Steroid-associated AVN was associated with a significantly increased risk for a postoperative infection (OR 1.72, P = 0.004), revision surgery (OR 1.33, P = 0.040), fracture (OR 2.76, P = 0.002), and systemic complication (OR 1.59, P < 0.001). Idiopathic and alcohol-associated AVN were not significantly associated with any of the postoperative evaluated complications. Conclusions:TSA in patients with humeral head AVN is associated with significantly increased rates of numerous postoperative complications compared to patients without a diagnosis of AVN, including infection, dislocation, revision arthroplasty, stiffness, periprosthetic fracture, and medical complications. Specifically, AVN due to steroid use or from a posttraumatic cause appears to be associated with the statistically highest rates of postoperative TSA complications. Given these findings, orthopedic surgeons should be increasingly aware of this association, which should influence the shared decision-making process of undergoing TSA in patients with humeral head AVN.
| S-EPMC5786582 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundPertrochanteric fracture is one of the most prevalent public health issues across the world for the elderly population. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between surgical factors and postoperative mortality in patients with intramedullary nail-treated pertrochanteric fractures.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was designed to evaluate the pertrochanteric fracture patients treated with intramedullary nail between January 2016 to February 2021. The surgical factors included the Dorr morphology, Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen/Orthopedic Trauma Association (AO/OTA) classification of fractures, the tip-apex distance (TAD), location of the cephalic screw, reduction quality in anterior-posterior (AP) and lateral views, the integrity of the lateral wall, and the design of cephalic screws. Using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models, the association between these risk factors and postoperative mortality in patients with this type of fractures was evaluated.ResultsA total of 169 pertrochanteric fracture patients treated with intramedullary nails were included in our study, with the average age of 82.68±5.93 years. The mortality rates at 3 months, 1 year, and the end of follow-up were 4.14%, 11.24%, and 26.04%, respectively. According to the univariate Cox analysis, age, gender, preoperative levels of hemoglobin (Hb) and albumin (Alb) were associated with a poor overall survival (OS) (P<0.05). After multivariate adjustment, the pre-operative level of Alb (P<0.001) and the reduction in lateral view (P<0.001) were shown to be independent risk factors for poor OS.ConclusionsThe preoperative hypoalbuminemia and reduction quality in lateral view were associated with postoperative mortality in our study. Therefore, optimizing both parameters could improve the prognosis in elderly pertrochanteric fracture patients.
| S-EPMC10585535 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionThe impact of COVID-19 infection on surgical patients is largely described by small-cohort studies. This study characterized the risk factors for postoperative mortality among patients with preoperative COVID-19 infection.MethodsData were abstracted from the electronic medical record for patients who tested positive for COVID-19 before surgery, excluding procedures related to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (case, March 2020-April 2021). Mortality was compared with that for patients from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database (control, January 2018‒February 2020) with chi-square, t test, and multivariable regression.ResultsThere were 5,209 patients in the control cohort. Among 1,072 patients with positive COVID-19 testing before surgery, 589 had surgeries with specialties tracked by the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (General Surgery, Gynecology, Neurosurgery, Orthopedics, Thoracic, Vascular). Patients with previous COVID-19 infection were younger (age 48 vs 59 years, p<0.001), were more likely to be Black (42% vs 28%, p<0.001), and underwent fewer elective surgeries (55% vs 83%, p<0.001). Postoperative mortality was greater among the case cohort (4.4% vs 1%, p<0.001). On multivariable logistic regression, postoperative mortality increased with age (OR=1.02), emergent surgeries (OR=2.6), and previous COVID-19 infection (OR=3.8). Among patients with previous COVID-19 infection, postoperative mortality was associated with male sex (OR=2.7), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification Score (OR=4.8), and smoking history (OR=3.7).ConclusionsAlthough data abstraction was limited by the electronic medical record, postoperative mortality is nearly 6 times higher for patients infected with COVID-19 within 2 weeks before surgery when adjusting for patient- and procedure-level factors. Among those with previous COVID-19 infection, postoperative mortality is associated with male sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification Score, and smoking history.
| S-EPMC9212625 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundDiabetes and hip fractures in geriatric patients are common, and many elderly patients have a history of diabetes. However, the influence of diabetes on surgical complications may vary based on which particular type of diabetes a patient has. To our knowledge, no prior study has stratified patients with diabetes to compare patients with noninsulin-dependent and insulin-dependent diabetes regarding rates of postoperative adverse events, length of hospitalization, and readmission rate after surgical stabilization of hip fractures in geriatric patients.Questions/purposesWe asked whether patients with noninsulin-dependent or insulin-dependent diabetes are at increased risk (1) of sustaining an aggregated serious adverse event, aggregated minor adverse event, extended length of stay, or hospital readmission within 30 days of hip fracture surgery; (2) of experiencing any individual serious adverse event within 30 days of hip fracture surgery; and (3) of experiencing any individual minor adverse event within 30 days of hip fracture surgery.MethodsPatients older than 65 years undergoing surgery for hip fracture between 2005 and 2012 were identified (n = 9938) from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program(®) database. This database reports events within 30 days of the surgery. Demographics were compared between three groups of patients: patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes, patients with insulin-dependent diabetes, and patients without diabetes. Patients without diabetes served as the reference group, and the relative risks for aggregated serious adverse events, aggregated minor adverse events, length of stay greater than 9 days, and readmission within 30 days were calculated for patients with noninsulin-dependent and with insulin-dependent diabetes. We then calculated relative risks for each specific serious adverse event and minor adverse event using multivariate analyses.ResultsPatients with noninsulin-dependent and insulin-dependent diabetes were at no greater risk of sustaining an aggregated serious adverse event, aggregated minor adverse event, extended postoperative length of stay, or readmission. Among individual serious adverse events, only postoperative myocardial infarction was found to be increased in the diabetic groups (relative risk [RR] = 1.9 for noninsulin-dependent diabetes, 95% CI, 1.3-2.8; RR = 1.5 for insulin-dependent diabetes, CI, 0.9-2.6; p = 0.003). Patients with noninsulin-dependent and insulin-dependent diabetes were at no greater risk of sustaining any individual minor adverse event.ConclusionsDespite previously reported and perceived risks associated with diabetes, we found little difference in terms of perioperative risk among geriatric patients with hip fracture with noninsulin-dependent or insulin-dependent diabetes relative to patients without diabetes. Clinically, the implications of these findings will help to improve, specify, and increase the efficiency of the preoperative workup and counseling of patients with diabetes who need hip fracture surgery.Level of evidenceLevel III, case-control study. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
| S-EPMC4317441 | biostudies-literature