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Trisk 95 as a novel skin mirror for normal and diabetic systemic glucose level.

ABSTRACT: Developing trustworthy, cost effective, minimally or non-invasive glucose sensing strategies is of great need for diabetic patients. In this study, we used an experimental type I diabetic mouse model to examine whether the skin would provide novel means for identifying biomarkers associated with blood glucose level. We first showed that skin glucose levels are rapidly influenced by blood glucose concentrations. We then conducted a proteomic screen of murine skin using an experimental in vivo model of type I diabetes and wild-type controls. Among the proteins that increased expression in response to high blood glucose, Trisk 95 expression was significantly induced independently of insulin signalling. A luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that the induction of Trisk 95 expression occurs at a transcriptional level and is associated with a marked elevation in the Fluo-4AM signal, suggesting a role for intracellular calcium changes in the signalling cascade. Strikingly, these changes lead concurrently to fragmentation of the mitochondria. Moreover, Trisk 95 knockout abolishes both the calcium flux and the mitochondrial phenotype changes indicating dependency of glucose flux in the skin on Trisk 95 function. The data demonstrate that the skin reacts robustly to systemic blood changes, and that Trisk 95 is a promising biomarker for a glucose monitoring assembly.

SUBMITTER: Ali N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7376074 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Trisk 95 as a novel skin mirror for normal and diabetic systemic glucose level.

Ali Nsrein N Rezvani Hamid Reza HR Motei Diana D Suleman Sufyan S Mahfouf Walid W Marty Isabelle I Ronkainen Veli-Pekka VP Vainio Seppo J SJ

Scientific reports 20200722 1

Developing trustworthy, cost effective, minimally or non-invasive glucose sensing strategies is of great need for diabetic patients. In this study, we used an experimental type I diabetic mouse model to examine whether the skin would provide novel means for identifying biomarkers associated with blood glucose level. We first showed that skin glucose levels are rapidly influenced by blood glucose concentrations. We then conducted a proteomic screen of murine skin using an experimental in vivo mod ...[more]

PMID: 32699238

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Project description:AIM: Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) is an incretin hormone that is released from intestinal K cells in response to nutrient ingestion. We aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of the novel N- and C-terminally modified GIP analogue AC163794. METHODS: AC163794 was synthesized by solid-phase peptide synthesis. Design involved the substitution of the C-terminus tail region of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV)-resistant GIP analogue [d-Ala(2) ]GIP(1-42) with the unique nine amino acid tail region of exenatide. The functional activity and binding of AC163794 to the GIP receptor were evaluated in RIN-m5F ?-cells. In vitro metabolic stability was tested in human plasma and kidney membrane preparations. Acute insulinotropic effects were investigated in isolated mouse islets and during an intravenous glucose tolerance test in normal and diabetic Zucker fatty diabetic (ZDF) rats. The biological actions of AC163794 were comprehensively assessed in normal, ob/ob and high-fat-fed streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Acute glucoregulatory effects of AC163794 were tested in diet-induced obese mice treated subchronically with AC3174, the exendatide analogue [Leu(14) ] exenatide. Human GIP or [d-Ala(2) ]GIP(1-42) were used for comparison. RESULTS: AC163794 exhibited nanomolar functional GIP receptor potency in vitro similar to GIP and [d-Ala(2) ]GIP(1-42). AC163794 was metabolically more stable in vitro and displayed longer duration of insulinotropic action in vivo versus GIP and [d-Ala(2) ]GIP(1-42). In diabetic mice, AC163794 improved HbA1c through enhanced insulinotropic action, partial restoration of pancreatic insulin content and improved insulin sensitivity with no adverse effects on fat storage and metabolism. AC163794 provided additional baseline glucose-lowering when injected to mice treated with AC3174. CONCLUSIONS: These studies support the potential use of a novel GIP analogue AC163794 for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Project description:BackgroundSeveral studies have shown that in diabetic patients, the glycemic profile was disturbed after intra-articular injection of corticosteroids. Little is known about the impact of epidural injection in such patients. The goal of this study was double, at first comparing the glycaemic profile in diabetic patients after a unique injection of 80 mg of acetate methylprednisolone either intra-articular or epidural and secondly to compare the amount of systemic diffusion of the drug after both procedures.MethodsSeventeen patients were included. Glycemic changes were compared in 9 diabetic patients following intra-articular (4 patients) and epidural injections (5 patients).Epidural injections were performed using the sacral route under fluoroscopic control in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. Diabetes control had to stable for more than 10 days and the renal function to be preserved. Blood glucose was monitored using a validated continuous measuring device (GMS, Medtronic) the day before and for two days following the injection. Results were expressed in the form of daily glycemic profiles and as by mean, peak and minimal values +/- SD. The urinary excretion of methylprednisolone after the 2 routes of injection was analyzed in 8 patients (4 in each group). Urine samples were cropped one hour before the injections, then 4 times during the first day and 3 times a week for 2 weeks. The measurements included the free and conjugated fractionResultsThe glycaemic profile remains unchanged with no significant changes in the group of the 5 diabetic patients receiving epidural injections.On the other end, the average peak and and mean values were enhanced up to 3 mmol/l above baseline two days after the infiltration in the groups of the 4 diabetic patients infiltrated intra-articular. The mean urinary excretion of the steroid was about ten times higher in the intra-articular versus epidural group: 7000 ng/ml versus 700 ng/ml. Looking at each individual there were marked differences especially after intra-articular injections.ConclusionThis is the first study to show that a single epidural steroid injection of 80 mg depot methylprednisolone had no effect on the glycemic control in diabetic patients. The absence of glycemic control changes correlated well with the very low urinary excretion of the drug after epidural injection.Trial registrationNCT01420497.

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Trisk 95 as a novel skin mirror for normal and diabetic systemic glucose level.

Publications

Trisk 95 as a novel skin mirror for normal and diabetic systemic glucose level.

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