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Efficacy and safety of an antithrombotic regimen for atrial fibrillation patients with acute coronary syndrome or those undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the benefit of dual therapy in reducing ischemic events in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing dual and triple therapies (oral anticoagulation plus aspirin and P2Y12 inhibitor) for AF patients with ACS or those undergoing PCI. The composite primary outcome included all-cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), stent thrombosis (ST), or stroke. Relative risk (RR) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was used as the measure of effect size. Four RCTs with 10,969 patients were included. Dual therapy had a higher event rate of primary outcome than triple therapy (RR, 1.15; 95%CI, 1.03-1.28; P<0.0001). Dual therapy was associated with significantly higher MI risk, insignificantly higher ST risk, and significantly lower major bleeding risk than triple therapy (RR1.23, 95%CI 1.01-1.49, P = 0.036; RR 1.43, 95 %CI 0.98-2.09, P = 0.064; and RR0.58, 95%CI 0.45-0.76, P<0.0001, respectively). Dual antithrombotic therapy was associated with higher ischemic risk but lower major bleeding risk than triple therapy. The data suggest that antithrombotic regimens should be based on tradeoffs between ischemia and bleeding risk.

SUBMITTER: Guo W

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7377825 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Efficacy and safety of an antithrombotic regimen for atrial fibrillation patients with acute coronary syndrome or those undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis.

Guo Wenqin W Chen Xiehui X Hao Yunling Y Liu Qiang Q Peng Changnong C Zhao Lingyue L Feng Zongming Z Wang Xiaoqing X Ruan Huanjun H Li Lang L

Aging 20200701 13

This study evaluated the benefit of dual therapy in reducing ischemic events in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing dual and triple therapies (oral anticoagulation plus aspirin and P2Y12 inhibitor) for AF patients with ACS or those undergoing PCI. The composite primary outcome included al ...[more]

PMID: 32611835

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Project description:ImportanceAntithrombotic treatment in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) presents a balancing act with regard to bleeding and ischemic risks.ObjectivesTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of 4 antithrombotic regimens by conducting an up-to-date network meta-analysis and to identify the optimal treatment for patients with AF undergoing PCI.Data sourcesOnline computerized database (MEDLINE).Study selectionFive randomized studies were included (N?=?11?542; WOEST, PIONEER AF-PCI, RE-DUAL PCI, AUGUSTUS, ENTRUST-AF PCI).Data extraction and synthesisThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used in this network meta-analysis, in which bayesian random-effects models were applied. The data were analyzed from September 9 to 29, 2019.Main outcomes and measuresThe primary safety outcome was thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) major bleeding and the primary efficacy outcome was trial-defined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).ResultsThe total number of participants included in the study was 11 532. The mean age of the participants ranged from 70 to 72 years, 69% to 83% were male, 20% to 26% were female, and the participants were predominantly white (>90%). Compared with vitamin K antagonists (VKA) plus dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) (reference), the odds ratios (ORs) (95% credible intervals) for TIMI major bleeding were 0.57 (0.31-1.00) for VKA plus P2Y12 inhibitor, 0.69 (0.40-1.16) for non-VKA oral anticoagulant (NOAC) plus DAPT, and 0.52 (0.35-0.79) for NOAC plus P2Y12 inhibitor. For MACE, using VKA plus DAPT as reference, the ORs (95% credible intervals) were 0.97 (0.64-1.42) for VKA plus P2Y12 inhibitor, 0.95 (0.64-1.39) for NOAC plus DAPT, and 1.03 (0.77-1.38) for NOAC plus P2Y12 inhibitor.Conclusions and relevanceThe findings of this study suggest that an antithrombotic regimen of VKA plus DAPT should generally be avoided, because regimens in which aspirin is discontinued may lead to lower bleeding risk and no difference in antithrombotic effectiveness. The use of a NOAC plus a P2Y12 inhibitor without aspirin may be the most favorable treatment option and the preferred antithrombotic regimen for most patients with AF undergoing PCI.

Project description:Background: Warfarin, along with aspirin and clopidogrel, has long been recommended for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who are undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with a drug-eluting stent (PCI-DES). However, this triple therapy has been known to increase the risk of bleeding complications. Meanwhile, there is no evidence from prospective trials on the use of ticagrelor in a dual therapy. We here aimed to compare the antiplatelet drug ticagrelor as a dual antithrombotic agent to aspirin and clopidogrel in bleeding events. Methods: In this multicenter, active-controlled, open-label, randomized trial, patients with AF taking warfarin who had undergone PCI-DES were randomly assigned to the ticagrelor therapy group (Dual group) or the clopidogrel plus aspirin therapy group (Triple group). The primary and secondary endpoints were overall bleeding events and major bleeding events, respectively, according to the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) criteria at 6 months. Cardiovascular events [re-PCI, surgical bypass, myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure, rehospitalization due to angina pectoris, stent thrombosis and death due to cardiovascular causes] at 6 months were also recorded. Results: A total of 296 patients from 12 medical centers in China were randomized after PCI-DES to either the Dual therapy group (n = 148) or the Triple group (n = 146) for 6 months. The overall incidence of bleeding events at 6 months was 36.49% in the Dual therapy group and 35.62% in the Triple group [hazard ratio, 0.930; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.635 to 1.361; P = 0.7088]. The incidence of the secondary endpoint over 6 months was 4.73% in the Dual therapy group and 1.37% in the Triple group (hazard ratio, 0.273; 95% CI, 0.057 to 1.315; P = 0.1056). Cardiovascular event occurrence was also comparable in both groups at 6 months (18.24 vs. 16.44%; hazard ratio, 0.845; 95% CI, 0.488 to 1.465; P = 0.5484). Conclusions: The incidence of total bleeding events in AF patients treated with ticagrelor was comparable to that in patients treated with clopidogrel plus aspirin at 6 month; Meanwhile, the incidence of cardiovascular events were also comparable between the groups. Clinical Trial Registration: MANJUSRI, ClinicalTrials.gov# NCT02206815, 2014, August 1st.

Project description:Importance:The antithrombotic treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and coronary artery disease, in particular with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and/or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), poses a significant treatment dilemma in clinical practice. Objective:To study the safety and efficacy of different antithrombotic regimens using a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in this population. Data Sources:PubMed, EMBASE, EBSCO, and Cochrane databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials comparing antithrombotic regimens. Study Selection:Four randomized studies were included (n?=?10?026; WOEST, PIONEER AF-PCI, RE-DUAL PCI, and AUGUSTUS). Data Extraction and Synthesis:The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were used in this systematic review and network meta-analysis between 4 regimens using a Bayesian random-effects model. A pre hoc statistical analysis plan was written, and the review protocol was registered at PROSPERO. Data were analyzed between November 2018 and February 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures:The primary safety outcome was Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) major bleeding; secondary safety outcomes were combined TIMI major and minor bleeding, trial-defined primary bleeding events, intracranial hemorrhage, and hospitalization. The primary efficacy outcome was trial-defined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE); secondary efficacy outcomes were individual components of MACE. Results:The overall prevalence of ACS varied from 28% to 61%. The mean age ranged from 70 to 72 years; 20% to 29% of the trial population were women; and most patients were at high risk for thromboembolic and bleeding events. Compared with a regimen of vitamin K antagonist (VKA) plus dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT; P2Y12 inhibitor plus aspirin), the odds ratios (ORs) for TIMI major bleeding were 0.58 (95% CI, 0.31-1.08) for VKA plus P2Y12 inhibitor, 0.49 (95% CI, 0.30-0.82) for non-VKA oral anticoagulant (NOAC) plus P2Y12 inhibitor, and 0.70 (95% CI, 0.38-1.23) for NOAC plus DAPT. Compared with VKA plus DAPT, the ORs for MACE were 0.96 (95% CI, 0.60-1.46) for VKA plus P2Y12 inhibitor, 1.02 (95% CI, 0.71-1.47) for NOAC plus P2Y12 inhibitor, and 0.94 (95% CI, 0.60-1.45) for NOAC plus DAPT. Conclusions and Relevance:A regimen of NOACs plus P2Y12 inhibitor was associated with less bleeding compared with VKAs plus DAPT. Strategies omitting aspirin caused less bleeding, including intracranial bleeding, without significant difference in MACE, compared with strategies including aspirin. Our results support the use of NOAC plus P2Y12 inhibitor as the preferred regimen post-percutaneous coronary intervention for these high-risk patients with AF. A regimen of VKA plus DAPT should generally be avoided.

Project description:BackgroundAlthough triple antithrombotic therapy (TAT) is recommended in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), guidelines allow an option of dual antithrombotic therapy (DAT). This study assesses the everyday practice of 10 cardiology departments in antithrombotic therapy in AF patients undergoing PCI and its agreement with current guidelines.MethodsThis analysis included medical data of AF patients enrolled in the prospective, observational registry (The POLish Atrial Fibrillation-POL-AF) that underwent PCI [elective or due to acute coronary syndrome (ACS)].ResultsOf the 3,999 consecutive subjects included, a final analysis was performed on 359 patients that underwent PCI: 148 with urgent PCI due to ACSand 211 patients with elective PCI. Eighty patients in the ACS-group and 120 patients in the elective-PCI group were treated with TAT, although guidelines also allowed DAT. Of 316 patients treated with oral anticoagulants as a part of combination therapy, 275 were on non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC). Reduced doses of NOAC were used in 74 patients treated with rivaroxaban, 60 patients with dabigatran, and 54 patients with apixaban. The proportion of patients treated with reduced NOAC doses adequately to the guidelines was 29%, 100%, and 33% for rivaroxaban, dabigatran, and apixaban, respectively. Inappropriate low doses of NOACs were used in 71% of subjects on rivaroxaban and 67% on apixaban.ConclusionsIn patients with AF undergoing PCI, NOACs are definitely preferred over vitamin-K antagonists (VKAs) in TAT/DAT, and an aggressive antithrombotic strategy with TAT is frequently chosen even if DAT is permissible by the guidelines. Label adherence of using reduced NOAC dose during combination therapy is not satisfactory for apixaban and rivaroxaban and probably results from too cautious an approach to the known indications for reduced therapy. The study is registered in the database Clinical Trials-NCT04419012.

Dataset Information

Efficacy and safety of an antithrombotic regimen for atrial fibrillation patients with acute coronary syndrome or those undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis.

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Efficacy and safety of an antithrombotic regimen for atrial fibrillation patients with acute coronary syndrome or those undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis.

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