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Global lung cancer mortality trends and lifestyle modifications: preliminary analysis.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:According to the Independent High-level Commission on Non-communicable Diseases (NCD) of the World Health Organization (WHO), global reduction in lung cancer mortality has been achieved since the year 2000, although this effect is not sufficient to reach the 30% reduction of mortality from NCDs by the year 2030, as stipulated by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.4. The objective of this study was to analyze whether the lifestyle changes implemented by the WHO at country level could have an impact on mortality from this form of cancer. METHODS:WHO statistics, based on the unified mortality and causes-of-death reports of Member-State countries, were used to evaluate global lung cancer mortality trends and make comparisons and assessments of different types of community-based, country-wide interventions. RESULTS:The lung cancer mortality decline was associated with the anti-tobacco campaign initiated by the WHO in the last 15 to 20 years. Comprehensive tobacco control remained the major and most successful lifestyle modification measure. In countries with declining lung cancer mortality, 91% of countries had decreasing tobacco prevalence in males and 82% in females. Country- wide measures to increase physical activity had a strong tendency to be better implemented in countries with declining lung cancer mortality (t?=?1.79, P?>?0.05). Other WHO "best-buy" lifestyle modification campaigns (diet and alcohol) had been carried out for shorter periods, and their associations with lung cancer were less strong than tobacco. There was no significant difference between countries with declining and increasing lung cancer mortality in the measures for reduction of harmful alcohol use (t?=?0.92, P?>?0.05) and unhealthy diet reduction measures (t?=?0.84, P?>?0.05). CONCLUSION:Following WHO "best-buys" should facilitate to move countries towards the NCD including lung cancer mortality reduction targets. Governments and communities must embrace these targets with coordinated effective action for better health.

SUBMITTER: Khaltaev N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7386357 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Global lung cancer mortality trends and lifestyle modifications: preliminary analysis.

Khaltaev Nikolai N Axelrod Svetlana S

Chinese medical journal 20200701 13

<h4>Background</h4>According to the Independent High-level Commission on Non-communicable Diseases (NCD) of the World Health Organization (WHO), global reduction in lung cancer mortality has been achieved since the year 2000, although this effect is not sufficient to reach the 30% reduction of mortality from NCDs by the year 2030, as stipulated by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.4. The objective of this study was to analyze whether the lifestyle changes implemented by the WHO a ...[more]

PMID: 32568874

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Project description:BackgroundGastrointestinal (GI) cancers were responsible for 26.3% of cancer cases and 35.4% of deaths worldwide in 2018. This study aimed to analyze the global incidence, mortality, prevalence, and contributing risk factors of the 6 major GI cancer entities [esophageal cancer (EC), gastric cancer (GC), liver cancer (LC), pancreatic cancer (PC), colon cancer, and rectal cancer].MethodsUsing the Global Cancer Observatory and the Global Health Observatory databases, we reviewed the current GI cancer incidence, prevalence, and mortality, analyzed the association of GI cancer prevalence with national human development indices (HDIs), identified the contributing risk factors, and estimated developing age- and sex-specific trends in incidence and mortality.ResultsIn 2020, the trend in age-standardized rate of incidence of GI cancers closely mirrored that of mortality, with the highest rates of LC, EC, and GC in Asia and of colorectal cancer (CRC) and PC mainly in Europe. Incidence and mortality were positively, but the mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) was inversely correlated with the national HDI levels. High MIRs in developing countries likely reflected the lack of preventive strategies and effective treatments. GI cancer prevalence was highest in Europe and was also positively correlated with HDIs and lifestyle-associated risk factors, such as alcohol consumption, smoking, obesity, insufficient physical activity, and high blood cholesterol level, but negatively correlated with hypertension and diabetes. Incidences of EC were consistently and those of GC mostly decreasing, whereas incidences of CRC were increasing in most countries/regions, especially in the younger populations. Incidences of LC and PC were also increasing in all age-gender populations except for younger males. Mortalities were decreasing for EC, GC, and CRC in most countries/regions, and age-specific trends were observed in PC and LC with a decrease in the younger but an increase in the older population.ConclusionsOn the global scale, higher GI cancer burden was accompanied, for the most part, by factors associated with the so-called Western lifestyle reflected by high and very high national HDI levels. In countries/regions with very high HDI levels, patients survived longer, and increasing GI cancer cases were observed with increasing national HDI levels. Optimizing GI cancer prevention and improving therapies, especially for patients with comorbid metabolic diseases, are thus urgently recommended.

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Global lung cancer mortality trends and lifestyle modifications: preliminary analysis.

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Global lung cancer mortality trends and lifestyle modifications: preliminary analysis.

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