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Ultrastable Magnetic Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Carbon for Magnetically Induced Catalysis.

ABSTRACT: Magnetically induced catalysis using magnetic nanoparticles (MagNPs) as heating agents is a new efficient method to perform reactions at high temperatures. However, the main limitation is the lack of stability of the catalysts operating in such harsh conditions. Normally, above 500 °C, significant sintering of MagNPs takes place. Here we present encapsulated magnetic FeCo and Co NPs in carbon (Co@C and FeCo@C) as an ultrastable heating material suitable for high-temperature magnetic catalysis. Indeed, FeCo@C or a mixture of FeCo@C:Co@C (2:1) decorated with Ni or Pt-Sn showed good stability in terms of temperature and catalytic performances. In addition, consistent conversions and selectivities regarding conventional heating were observed for CO₂ methanation (Sabatier reaction), propane dehydrogenation (PDH), and propane dry reforming (PDR). Thus, the encapsulation of MagNPs in carbon constitutes a major advance in the development of stable catalysts for high-temperature magnetically induced catalysis.

SUBMITTER: Martinez-Prieto LM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7386363 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:The objective of this proof-of-concept study was to demonstrate the targeted delivery of erythropoietin (EPO) using magnetically guided magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs).MNPs consisting of a ferric-ferrous mixture (FeCl3·6H2O and FeCl2·4H2O) were prepared using a co-precipitation method. The drug delivery system (DDS) was manufactured via the spray-drying technique using a nanospray-dryer. The DDS comprised 7.5 mg sodium alginate, 150 mg MNPs, and 1000 IU EPO.Scanning electron microscopy revealed DDS particles no more than 500 nm in size. Tiny particles on the rough surfaces of the DDS particles were composed of MNPs and/or EPO, unlike the smooth surfaces of the only alginate particles. Transmission electron microscopy showed the tiny particles from 5 to 20 nm in diameter. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed DDS peaks characteristic of MNPs as well as of alginate. Thermal gravimetric analysis presented that 50% of DDS weight was lost in a single step around 500°C. The mode size of the DDS particles was approximately 850 nm under in vivo conditions. Standard soft lithography was applied to DDS particles prepared with fluorescent beads using a microchannel fabricated to have one inlet and two outlets in a Y-shape. The fluorescent DDS particles reached only one outlet reservoir in the presence of a neodymium magnet. The neurotoxicity was evaluated by treating SH-SY5Y cells in 48-well plates (1 × 10 cells/well) with 2 μL of a solution containing sodium alginate (0.075 mg/mL), MNPs (1.5 mg/mL), or sodium alginate + MNPs. A cell viability assay kit was used to identify a 93% cell viability after MNP treatment and a 94% viability after sodium alginate + MNP treatment, compared with the control. As for the DDS particle neurotoxicity, a 95% cell viability was noticed after alginate-encapsulated MNPs treatment and a 93% cell viability after DDS treatment, compared with the control.The DDS-EPO construct developed here can be small under in vivo conditions enough to pass through the lung capillaries with showing the high coating efficiency. It can be guided using magnetic control without displaying significant neurotoxicity in the form of solution or particles.

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Ultrastable Magnetic Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Carbon for Magnetically Induced Catalysis.

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